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STUDIES ON SEED MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

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Title STUDIES ON SEED MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF SAFFLOWER (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
 
Creator SAI SANTHOSH, KARTOORI
 
Contributor KESHAVULU, K
 
Subject sowing, oils, crops, acidity, husking, genotypes, unsaturated fatty acids, germinability, genetics, fatty acids
 
Description The present investigation was carried out with the objectives of (i) studying genetic
variability and relationships among seed morphological, physiological and biochemical
traits in safflower genotypes and (ii) studying the association of DNA markers (simple
sequence repeats-SSRs) with hull type and oil content in a F2:3 segregating population (93
progenies) produced from A1 (low oil/normal hull) x EC-755673 (high oil/striped hull).
The field experiment was conducted at the research farms of IIOR-ICAR, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad. Analysis of seed traits was carried out at of Department of Seed Science and
Technology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Biochemical analysis of
oil and DNA marker analysis were carried out at IIOR-ICAR, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Range and mean of seed morphological traits in the germplasm set were as follows:
seed length (6.33-9.28 mm; 7.87 mm), seed breadth (2.72-4.42 mm; 3.83 mm), seed
thickness (2.76-4.24 mm; 3.35 mm), length/breadth ratio (1.64-m2.45; 2.07), length x
breadth product (17.24-41.60 mm; 30.28 mm), length x breadth x thickness product (43.54-
174.00 mm3; 102.43 mm3), hull content (29.50 -62.43%; 40.53%), test weight (2.17-5.71 g;
4.18 g) and bulk density (0.40-0.64; 0.54tm-3). Two hull types like normal (41) and striped
(20) were observed in the germplasm set. Range and mean of seed physiological traits were
as follows: germination (90-100%; 95.81), speed of germination (13.15-43.5; 28.59), shoot
length (6.29-11.59 mm; 9.18), root length (7.78-15.96 mm; 11.99 mm), seedling length
(15.52-25.96 mm; 21.17 mm), seedling dry weight (0.12-0.27 g; 0.18 g), seedling vigour
index-I (1417-2405; 2029.03), seedling vigour index-II (11.65-24.71; 17.12) and field
emergence (81-100%; 92.71%). Range and mean of seed biochemical traits were as
follows: palmitic acid (3.65-7.53%; 5.68%), stearic acid (1.27-3.28%, 2.37%), oleic acid
(12.27-80.08%; 34.76%) and linoleic acid (13.83-78.66%; 57.20).
Genotypic effects were highly significant (Pr>F at 0.1% level) for seed
morphological traits (seed size, hull content and test weight), biochemical traits (oil content
and fatty acid composition) and physiological traits (germination, speed of germination and
field emergence) genotypes did not vary significantly for the physiological traits namely
shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index-1 and
seedling vigour index-2.
Simple correlation (Pearson’s) analysis showed that seed size was positively
correlated with test weight (r=0.0.684***) and seedling vigour-II (r=0.483***) while
negatively correlated with oil content (r=-0.754***) among genotype studies. Hull content
showed strong negative correlations with oil content (r=-0.754***) and striped hull (r=-
0.465***). Test weight showed strong negative correlation with oil content (r=-0.509***).
Bulk density showed strong positive association with Test Weight (r=0.605***). Hull types
and seed colour had strong positive correlation (r=0.831***); both had strong positive
association with oil content (r=0.358***, 0.458***, respectively) and strong negative
association with hull content (r=-0.465***, -0.445**, respectively). Germination of freshly
harvested seeds was not correlated with any of the traits including seed size, weight, hull
content, hull type, oil content and fatty acid composition. Speed of germination showed
strong positive correlation with Length Breath Ratio (r=0.472***) and Field Emergence
(r=0.472***) while it showed strong negative correlation with Seed Breadth (r=-0.434***).
Seedling vigour based on seedling dry weight and SVI-II had strong positive association
with seed thickness (r=0.416***), Length *Breadth * Thickness Product (r=0.483***) and
Test Weight (r=0.504***). The saturated fatty acids, palmitic and stearic acids were
positively correlated (r=0.632***) but did not correlate with any of the seed physical traits,
physiological traits and oil content. The unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and oleic acid
contents showed very strong negative correlation (r=-0.999). Oil content showed strong
positive correlation with striped hull type (r=0.458***) and oleic acid (r=0.449***) while
it showed strong negative association with seed size (r=-0.332***), hull content (r=-
0.754***), test weight (r=-0.509***) and linoleic acid (r=-0.455). Overall, the results of
this study suggested that small seed size, low test weight and low hull proportion need to be
considered while selecting for high oil content in safflower.
However, trait correlations observed in genotypes might perhaps be ‘incidental’ if
the germplasm set had skewed representation of genotypes for the concerned traits; such
correlations may need to be validated in segregating populations. This hypothesis was
tested using striped hull and oil content traits, which showed strong positive correlation
(r=0.458***) in the germplasm set. Interestingly, both the striped hull trait and oil content
showed a very weak positive correlation (r=0.249*) in F3 population (n=93), which may
become stronger or disappear when more individuals or populations are tested and
therefore, it needs to be further validated using large segregating populations produced
from different crosses.
Identification of DNA markers associated with oil content would be useful in trait
selection in breeding. Marker-trait association was conducted between SSR marker and oil
content related traits: oil content per se and striped hull using F2:3 population produced from
A1 (low oil/normal hull) x EC-755673 (high oil/striped hull). Only eight out of 100 SSR
primer pairs polymorphic between the parents, which were subsequently used for
genotyping 93 F2:3 plants. Simple regression analysis showed that the SSR marker ct-138
showed weak association with hull type (F=6, R2=6.5% at 5% level) and CAT-50 with oil
content (F=5.6, R2=7.8% at 5% level). The work is only preliminary and first of its kind in
safflower; more research is required using additional markers to find reliable DNA markers
associated with oil content in safflower.
 
Date 2017-01-03T13:18:54Z
2017-01-03T13:18:54Z
2015
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/94142
 
Language en
 
Relation D9892;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD