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GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] OVER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS

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Title GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN SORGHUM [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] OVER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
 
Creator KODAPPULLY, VIKAS C.
 
Contributor JADHAV, B.D.
 
Subject dna, biological development, plant extracts, vegetables, physical control, planting, sets, retting, storage structures, mutation
 
Description An experimental material comprising five females [Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterile (CGMS) Lines], twenty-five
males (testers) and their 125 hybrids developed through line x tester mating design along with two standard hybrids
viz., CSH 17 and CSH 18 were grown in a randomized complete block design, with three replications, in four diverse
environments during kharif 2008. Four environmental situations were different locations viz., Navsari, Surat, Achhalia
and Danti-Umbharat. The experiments conducted at Navsari, Surat and Achhalia were categorized as ?normal conditions?
as these experimental sites represented normal soil conditions. While, the experiment carried out at Danti-Umbharat was
considered as ?natural saline condition? owing to the in-situ saline condition of the experimental site and
thereby studied separately. The experiments under normal and saline soil situations were designated as Part A and Part B,
respectively. Thus, the abstract of the present investigation have been presented here in two separate headings as
under.
PART A: EVALUATION OF PARENTS AND HYBRIDS THROUGH LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS ALONG
WITH CHECKS UNDER NORMAL SOIL CONDITIONS
The objectives of this part of the study were to identify prospective stable and heterotic hybrids of sorghum suitable
for cultivation in kharif season. Therefore, the magnitude of heterosis over better parent and standard hybrids viz., CSH 17
and CSH 18, combining ability of parents and nature of gene actions for various quantitative traits as well as genotype x
environment interactions and stability parameters were studied. The observations were recorded for grain yield and its
attributes along with quality parameter such as protein content.
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. The
significant mean squares due to genotype x environment interaction for yield and yield contributing traits emphasized that
genotypes reacted differentially to the environments. Perusal of mean performance of parents over environments revealed
that parents, GJ 38, SR 666-1 and GJ 41 were superior in respect of grain yield per plant, whereas among hybrids,
ICSA 601 x SR 666-1, ICSA 601 x GJ 38 and ICSA 601 x ICSR 91020 were superior for the same.
The magnitude of heterosis over environments revealed that hybrids, ICSA 601 x SR 666-1, ICSA 601 x GJ 38 and
ICSA 601 x ICSR 91020 manifested high heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the standard hybrids i.e., CSH 17
and CSH 18. Hybrids showing high heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the checks for grain yield per plant, in
general also manifested desirable heterotic effects for two or more important yield contributing characters. Crosses
involving female ICSA 601 were high yielding and manifested highest mean heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over
both checks for grain yield per plant across the environments.
Combining ability analysis over environments revealed importance of both additive and non-additive components.
However, high relative magnitude of sca over gca variance showed preponderance of non-additive components of
genetic variance for all the characters except panicle length, 1000-grain weight and protein content for which equal
importance of additive as well as non-additive genetic variance was evident. As preponderance of non-additive gene action
and high heterosis is conspicuous for grain yield and majority of yield contributing characters in the present investigation, it
is recommended that heterosis breeding can be used for exploitation of hybrid vigour in sorghum on commercial scale.
The general combining ability exhibited considerably greater stability as compared to specific combining ability for
all the characters studied, which was obvious from non-significant and significant interactions of ? 2 gca and ? 2 sca with
environments, respectively. The parents, ICSA 601 and SR 2808 besides being best general combiners among females and
males, respectively for grain yield per plant were also good combiners for majority of the yield components suggesting that
these parents possessed good source of favourable genes for increasing overall production in sorghum.
The per se performance of parents and hybrids was related to gca effects of parents and sca effect of hybrids,
respectively for majority of the characters. Consequently, the scope of a genotype to be used as a parent in hybridization
programme or a cross to be used as a commercial hybrid might be judged by comparing per se performance of parents and
hybrids along with gca of parents and heterotic response of hybrids, respectively. The hybrids exhibiting high per se
performance, high heterosis and significant desirable sca effects for various traits involved either good x good, good x poor
or poor x good combining parents. Therefore, the crosses exhibiting high sca effects did not always involve the parents with
high gca effects, thereby suggesting the importance of inter-allelic interaction. However, it was observed that at least one
good general combining parent was involved in desirable specific combination.
The analysis of variance for phenotypic stability revealed that the variation due to genotype x environment was
considerable for all the characters studied. The significance of G x E (linear) and pooled deviation for majority of the traits
suggested the importance of both linear and non-linear components in determining total genotype x environment
interactions.
None of the parents were found to have stability for grain yield except male parent, GJ 41 which had specific
adaptability to favourable environments and it also depicted stability of performance under good environments for one or
more yield attributing traits like primaries per panicle and harvest index.
Among hybrids, twenty-two hybrids exhibited high mean values for grain yield per plant with unit regression (bi) and
least deviation from regression (S2di) and were classified as stable with average response to environments. In general, the
hybrids found stable for grain yield also showed stability for two or more component characters, which indicated that the
stability of various component traits might be responsible for stability of these hybrids for grain yield per plant.
The best three stable hybrids viz., ICSA 601 x SR 666-1, ICSA 601 x GJ 38 and ICSA 601 x ICSR
91020 for grain and dry stover yield per plant with one or more stable yield contributing traits also manifested high per
se performance, significant heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the standard hybrids (CSH 17 and CSH 18) with
significant positive sca effects for grain yield and some of its important components, signifying their immense potential for
commercial exploitation.
 
Date 2016-03-10T11:47:50Z
2016-03-10T11:47:50Z
2009-05
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65037
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari