Record Details

Genetic and stability analysis for yield and yield contributing traits over Environments in Rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

KrishiKosh

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title Genetic and stability analysis for yield and yield contributing traits over Environments in Rabi sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
 
Creator Anarase, Sakhechand Arjun
 
Contributor Desai, R.T.
 
Subject environment, hybrids, sorghum, heterosis, yields, planting, genotypes, grain, biological phenomena, animal husbandry
 
Description An experimental material comprising five females [Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterile (CGMS) Lines], 14 males (testers) and their 70 hybrids developed through line x tester mating design along with two standard checks viz., CSH 15R and BP 53 were grown in a randomized block esign with three replications in three diverse environments during rabi 2012-13. Three environmental situations were different locations viz., Navsari, Surat and Achhalia.
The objectives of the study were to identify prospective stable and heterotic hybrids of rabi sorghum suitable for cultivation under different locations. Therefore, the magnitude of heterosis over better parent and standard checks viz., CSH 15R and BP 53, combining ability of parents and nature of gene actions for various quantitative traits as well as genotype x environment interactions and tability parameters were studied. The observations were recorded for grain yield and its attributes along with quality parameter such as protein content.
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. The significant mean squares due to genotype x environment interaction for grain yield and yield contributing traits emphasized that genotypes reacted differentially to the environments. Perusal of mean performance of parents over environments revealed that parents, RSV 1093 and RSV 1188 were superior in respect of grain yield per plant, whereas among hybrids, 1543A x RSV 1297, 1343A x RSV 1200 and 1343A x SPV 1359 were superior for the same.
The magnitude of heterosis over environments revealed that hybrids, 1543A x RSV 1297, 1343A x RSV 1200 and 1543A x SPV 1704 manifested high heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the standard checks i.e., CSH 15R and BP 53. Hybrids showing high heterobeltosis and standard heterosis over both the checks for grain yield per plant, in general also manifested desirable heterotic effects for two or more important yield contributing characters.
Combining ability analysis over environments revealed importance of both additive and non-additive components. Perusal of σ 2 gca/σ 2 sca ratio revealed preponderance of additive gene action for grain yield per plant, days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, leaves per plant, panicle length, primaries per panicle, panicle weight and protein content. The reponderance of non-additive gene action was also recorded for the rest of the characters, suggesting in general, the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action for inheritance of component traits. As preponderance of additive gene action and high heterosis is conspicuous for grain yield and majority of yield contributing characters in the present investigation, it is recommended that heterosis breeding can be used for exploitation of hybrid vigor in rabi sorghum on commercial scale.
The general combining ability exhibited considerably greater stability as compared to specific combining ability for all the characters studied, which was obvious from non-significant and significant interactions of σ 2 gca and σ 2 sca with environments, respectively. Among the females, 1343A and 1543A and among males, RSV 1093, RSV 1130, RSV 1188, RSV 1200, RSV 1297, SPV 1359, SPV 1546 and SPV 1704 being best general combiners for grain yield per plant were also good combiners for majority of the yield components suggesting that these parents possessed good source of favourable genes for increasing overall production in rabi sorghum.
The per se performance of parents and hybrids was related to gca effects of parents and sca effects of hybrids, respectively for majority of the characters. Consequently, the scope of a genotype to be used as a parent in hybridization programme or a cross to be used as a commercial hybrid might be judged by comparing per se performance of parents and hybrids along with gca of parents and heterotic response of hybrids, respectively. The hybrids exhibiting high per se performance, high heterosis and significant desirable sca effects for various traits involved either good x good, good x poor or poor x poor combining parents. The crosses exhibiting high sca effects did not always involve the parents with high gca effects, thereby suggesting the importance of
inter-allelic interaction. However, it was observed that at least one good general combining parent was involved in desirable specific combination.
The analysis of variance for phenotypic stability revealed that the variation due to genotype x environment was considerable for all the characters studied. The significance of G x E (linear) and pooled deviation for majority of the traits suggested the importance of both linear and non-linear components in determining total genotype x environment interactions.
Perusal of stability parameters revealed that eight parents were found to be average stable for grain yield. Nevertheless, it was noticed that the male parent RSV 1460 and RPOSV 3 exhibited bi value significantly greater than one, showed below average stability, which was suitable for favourable environments.
Among hybrids twenty five hybrids exhibited high mean, unit regression (b i ) and least deviation from regression (S 2 d i) and therefore they were classified as stable with average response to environments. In general, the hybrids found stable for grain yield also showed stability for two or more component characters, which indicated that the stability of various component traits might be responsible for stability of these hybrids for grain yield per plant. The best three hybrids viz., 1543A x RSV 1297, 1343A x RSV 1200 and 1343A x SPV 1359 were found to have average stability over environments for grain yield per plant with one or more stable yield contributing traits. These hybrids also manifested high per se performance, significant heterobeltosis and standard heterosis over both the standard checks (CSH 15R and BP 53) with significant positive sca effects
for grain yield and its important components, signifying their potential for commercial exploitation for genetic improvement in rabi sorghum.
 
Date 2016-05-18T07:54:28Z
2016-05-18T07:54:28Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66040
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher NAU