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A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY UTILISATION IN HAHESHWARAH WATERSHED PROJECT IN RANGA REDDY DISTRICT IN ANDHRA PRADESH

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Title A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY UTILISATION IN HAHESHWARAH WATERSHED PROJECT IN RANGA REDDY DISTRICT IN ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Creator KATAKAH NAVEEN CHANDAR
 
Contributor MRUTYUNJAYAM, M
 
Subject A CRITICAL, ANALYSIS, AGRICULTURAL, TECHNOLOGY, UTILISATION, HAHESHWARAH, WATERSHED, PROJECT, RANGA REDDY, DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Description The present study reveals the knowledge level of
farmers regarding various improved techniques recommended
in the watershed project and the level of utilisation of
practices advocated by the farmers of this project. It
analyses the awareness towards different components of the
technology, besides focussing the relationship of personal,
socio economic and psychological characteristics of farmers
and adoption behaviour of farmers. The problem in non_
adoption of recommended practices were studied at length
and the suggestions offered by sampled respondents for
effective implementation of the watershed development
programme were also projected. Ex-post facto research design was used for the presen1
study. selection of Watershed, selection of Sub watershec
were purposive where as selection of villages were a1
random. 35 respondents were selected at random in each farr
size group, totalling sampled respondents as 140.
The data collected through interview schedule werE
coded, tabulated and analysed, correlation co efficient (~ J
and analysis of variance were employed.
The following were emerged from the study.
1. Majority of the marginal farmers, small farmers, medium
farmers and large farmers were distributed in medium
cat.egory in terms of Age, Experience in farming,
Scientific Orientation, Risk Preference, Economic
Orientation, Achievement Motivation. Majority of
marginal farmers, small farmers and medium farmers were
illiterate.
2. Majority of the sampled respondents were possessing
average awareness towards watershed project. The
analysis of variance indicated that there exist a
singnificant difference between four farm size
categories in terms of their awareness.
3. Majority of the respondents were distributed in medium
category by possessing average knowledge on components
of the project. The analysis of variance values
indicated that there exists a significant difference
between four farm categories interms of their
knowledge.
4. The utilisation of practices of the Majority of the
sampled farmers were observed only as average. The
analysis of variance indicated that there exist a
significant differences between the four size groups
interms of their utilisation.
5. The analysis indicated that variables like achievement
motivation and management orientation of marginal
farmers, education, scientific orientation, risk
preference, economic orientation, achievement
motivation and management orientation of small farmers
and medium farmers and all independent variables of
large farmers were positively and significantly
associated with their awareness of the components.
6. Management Orientation of Marginal farmers, Education,
Achievement Motivation and Management Orientation of
small farmers, excepting Age, Experience in farming,
farm size, all the variables of Medium farmers and all
other variables excepting the age in case of large
farmers were positively and significantly associated
with their knowledge.
7. With regard to relation between independent variables
and utilisation of practices, management orientation of
marginal farmers, education, scientific orientation,
risk preference, achievement motivation of small
farmers and risk preference of large farmers were
positively and significantly associated.
8. Some of the problems in non utilisation of practices
expressed were lack of knowledge, small operational
holdings, lack of conviction etc.
9. Suggestions offered by the farmers for effective
implementation · of the programme were like arranging
inputs on 50% subsidy, credit, and implements etc., to
all the farmers.
To improve up on the awareness and knowledge, the
agency should educate farmers through different
exention methods and involve them in the programme.
The policy makers and administrators carefully look
into the reasons of non adoption and develop a
comprehensive plan.
:: 2 ::
cultivations is largely subsistance oriented and many
farmers are struggling for survival. Nevertheless, by
virtue of the colossal acerage involved, these lands
contributes 42% of the total food grain production of the
country. Improvement in rainfed farming is, therefore,
of immence importance both for increasing over all food
supply to the nation, as well as for redressing the
social and economic needs of many millions of farming
families. National investments priorities however, have
been traditionally directed towards the development of
irrigable lands.
Since 1970, considerable progress has been made in
the development of technology for improved rainfea
farming. Sorghum yields have been increased by a
compound annual rate of over 3% between 1969/70 and
1980/81. Inter cropping, especially with piegeon peas;
sequence planting with grains, legumes and oilseeds, and
introduction of new crops have all resulted in improved
cropping intensity and production.
To date, the main thrust for researcn on rainfed
agriculture has been provided by ICAR's 23 centres of All
India Coordinated Research Project for Dry land
Agriculture (AICRPA) located in different agroclimatic
regions throughout India in collaboration with the
Canadian International Development Agency. AICRPDA is a
co-operative programme with State Agricultural
University, Coordinated by ICAR. The regional centres
:: 3 ::
are operated by the respective State Agricultural
Universities. In the beginning the project had 15 main
centres and 8 sub-centres with the project headquarters
at Hyder a bad. In, 1984 five qut of eight Sub-Centres
upgraded as main centres. The Indo-United Kingdom
Dryland Farming Project at Indore, Madhya Pradesh
(1974-1980) generated considerable experience in rainfed
Agriculture. The International Crop Research Institute
for the Semi Arid Tropics ( ICRISAT) at Hyderabad has,
since 1972, (1.1.1972) been involved in genetic and
farming systems research for rainfed agriculture.
The above mentioned projects have proved beyond
imagination that there were considerable yield levels
even upto 200 to 300 percent after applying modern
dryland technology. Therefore, the above results in the
research filed are to be transferred urgently to the
dryland farmers.
THE WATERSHED CONCEPT
In physical terms a watershed refers to the area
~ying above a given drainage point. It may cover less
than a hectare or more than thousands of hectares
depending upon the point of reference. However, in
simple words. "A watershed is the land area from which
surface water drains to a single outlet".
In functional terms, the watershed development
programme tends to become synonymous with "Area
Development" as it increases in size. In the past, water
:: 4 ::
shed development programme has concentrated mainly on the
treatment of catchment for preventing siltation in the
reservoirs. In such cases the entire area which feeds
into the given reservoirs had to be taken as a unit of
operation which usually included thousands of hectares
depending upon the size and location of reservoirs.
OBJECTIVES OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
1. To increase the productivity and income from
drylands by introducing : t~proved dryland technology
on various components of the programme envisaged.
2. To conserve soil resources for achieving sustained
productivity.
3. To improve the collection of run-off through
appropriate water harvesting systems.
4. To enhance the productivity
through programmes like soil
development etc.
of community land
forestry, pasture
To put it in a nut shell, the major objective behind
watershed approach is to en:hance and stabilize
agriculture production in the selected rainfed farming
areas through improved crop technology and judicious
exploitation of available resources like soil and water.
PRESENT STATUS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
The International Development Association Mission
which visited India in 1982 and 1983, observed that
opportunities exist for increasing Agricultural
Production in areas receiving reasonably dependable
:: s ::
rainfall by improved land and crop management in arable
areas and development of fodder and fuel in non-arable
areas. National Development Council in its meeting held
during April 1983, laid considerable emphasis in Dry
farming, based on these findings, the Government of
India sponsored . a pilot project for watershed
development in rainfed areas to increase Agricultural
Production with the assistance of World Bank. Though it
was expected in the beginning that these watersheds each
about 30,000 hectares in the three districts of
Visakhapatnam, Chittoor and Ranga Reddy would be
included in the World Bank aided project; ultimately
only one watershed in Maheswaram area, Ranga Reddy
District has been selected on technical considerations.
The Government of India in their guidelines have
emphasised the preparation of Watershed Development
Master Plans and Sub-Watershed Plans for purpose of
implementation of project.
Based on the guidelines of Government of India, a
pilot project was prepared, for the develop ~ e~ t cr
watershed in rainfed areas in Maheswaram area of Ranga
Reddy District in Andhra Pradesh.
Potential Available:
Implementation of Dryland technology, and the
present concept of watershed development, if succeeds as
expected, about 1500 to 1600 hectares would be brought
under Irrigation wherein the crop intensity can be
:: 6 ::
increased to many folds. The activities are expected to
have reinforcing complementary effects thereby not only
improving the productivity of land but also promoting
balance among various requirements like food, fodder
fuel and timber with minimum production risk. This
strat~gy is expected to obtain various requirements at
minimum investments.
Strategies :
Selection of an area on watershed basis, treatment
of land on the basis of land capabilities, coverage of
entire watershed without regard to ownership; a single
window delivery of various components;
and water conservation measures right
promotion soil
from ridges to
drain point through vegetative covers, in situ moisture
conservation till-age practices, appropriate crop
husbandry and as a last resort, the soil engineering
works are some of the important features of the
watershed development strategy.
Location of the Project:
In Andhra Pradesh State, the project is located in
Rangareddy District, between 160-30' and 180-20'. North
latitude and 77°-30' East l~n gitude forms the district
of Andhra Pradesh with its boundaries as Medak on North,
Mahaboobnagar in the South, Nalgonda in the EC'i.st- and
Karnataka in the West. There are 23 villages in the
selected watershed ( 19 villages in Maheswa ram and 4
:: 7 ::
villages of Ibrahimpatnam). The watershed selected is
about 32 kms. South of Hyderabad is on the road-leading to
Srisailam. The area is easily accessable. The research
centres like Andh:ra Pradesh Agricultural University, !CAR
and Sheep and Pasture Development farm are all within a distance
of 50 kms. The AICRPDA Operational Research Centre is
adjacent and ICRISAT is also near by (about 50 kms). The
Training Institute like E.E.I., N.I.R.D., K.V.K., and
Training Institute of I.G.A.R., and Farmers Training Centre
are all located within the radious of about 50 kms. from
the Project Area.
 
Date 2016-08-20T10:42:56Z
2016-08-20T10:42:56Z
1991
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier ACHARYA N.G. AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRA NAGAR, HYDERABAD - 500 03 0
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/73114
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf