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OPTIMUM NITROGEN REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROMISING WHEAT CULTIVARS IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE

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Title OPTIMUM NITROGEN REQUIREMENT FOR THE PROMISING WHEAT CULTIVARS IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE
 
Creator YADAV, MATHURA
 
Contributor PRAVEEN RAO, V
 
Subject insecticides, pesticides, pesticide resistance, biological phenomena, animal developmental stages, selection, land resources, genetics, plutella xylostella, toxins
 
Description The experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2010 – 2011 at the
Agricultural Research station, Basanthpur, Mamidigi, Medak, Andhra Pradesh, India. The
treatments consisted of five varieties viz., V1 (Sonalika), V2 (NIDW 295), V3 (UAS 415)
V4 (NIAW 917) and V5 (DWR 162) and five nitrogen levels viz., N0 (0 kg N ha-1), N80 (80
kg N ha-1), N120 (120 kg N ha-1), N160 (160 kg N ha-1) and N200 (200 kg N ha-1) summing
up to 25 treatment combinations laid out in Split plot design with three replications. The
crop was planted on 1st November 2010. The experimental soil was loamy sandy in texture
and near neutral in soil reaction (pH 6.4) and belonged to S1 (EC 0.096 dS m-1) salinity
class. The soil was low in available nitrogen (265 kg N ha-1) and available phosphorus
(19.59 kg P2O5 ha-1) and medium in available potassium (219.4 kg K2O ha-1).
Growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers, leaf area index, dry matter
production, CGR and LAD were measured/determined at periodical intervals. Likewise
yield attributes viz., ears m-2, grains ear-1, test weight (1000-grain weight), grain yield,
straw yield and Harvest index were measured at harvest. Nutrient (NPK) uptake was
estimated at harvest both in grain and straw and expressed as total NPK uptake.
Regarding growth traits, variety V1 (Sonalika) gave superior performance in terms
of plant height; but tiller production was highest in V2 (NIDW 295) and V3 (UAS 415);
LAI was highest with V1 (Sonalika) and V2 (NIDW 295); and dry matter production was
highest under V1 (Sonalika), V2 (NIDW 295) and V3 (UAS 415) in comparison to other
tested varieties. Variety V2 took more days to 50% flowering. Each higher level of
nitrogen significantly increased the plant height, tiller production, leaf area index, dry
matter production, CGR and LAD over its lower level up to 160 kg N ha-1 (N160).
However, application of 200 kg N ha-1 (N200) did not prove to be advantageous over N160
in terms of above growth traits.
Further concerning yield attributes, variety NIDW 295 (V2) and UAS 415 (V3)
registered statistically on par but superior performance in terms of ears m-2, grains ear-1,
test weight and harvest index in comparison to other tested varieties viz., Sonalika (V1),
NIAW 917 (V4) and DWR 162 (V5). Each higher level of nitrogen significantly increased
the ear m-2, grains ear-1, test weight over its lower level up to 160 kg N ha-1 (N160).
However, application of 200 kg N ha-1 (N200) did not prove to be advantageous over N160 in
terms of above yield attributes. On the other hand harvest index showed a negative relation
with increased levels of N application.
Variety, NIDW 295 (V2) and UAS 415 (V3) produced significantly higher grain
and straw yield of wheat over Sonalika (V1), NIAW 917 (V4) and DWR 162 (V5) owing to
improved growth and yield traits. Interaction effect between varieties and nitrogen levels
was not significant on grain yield. Each higher level of nitrogen significantly increased the
grain and straw yield over its lower level up to 160 kg N ha -1 (N160) owing to improved
growth and yield traits. However, application of 200 kg N ha-1 (N200) did not prove to be
advantageous over N160 in enhancing the grain and straw yield.
Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated to growth viz.,
plant height (R2 = 0.986), tiller m-2 (R2 = 0.991), leaf area index (R2 = 0.984) and dry
matter production (R2 = 0.895); and yield components viz., ears m-2 (R2 = 0.987), grains
per ear (R2 = 0.889), test weight (R2 = 0.993) and harvest index (R2 = 0.693).
Whereas it was negatively correlated to days to flowering (R2 = 0.820). Similarly
correlation studies between growth and yield traits and yield showed positive association
between themselves except for days to flowering.
Among varieties NPK uptake was more by variety V2 (NIDW 295) and V3 (UAS
415) but significantly higher in comparison to other varieties viz., V1 (Sonalika), V4
(NIAW 917) and V5 (DWR 162). Each higher level of nitrogen significantly increased
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake over its lower level up to 160 kg N ha -1 (N160).
Application of 200 kg N ha-1 (N200) did not prove to be advantageous over N160 in
improving the nutrient uptake.
Fertilizer production functions i.e., response of grain yield to applied N was
adequately explained by quadratic regression function in all the varieties as indicated by
the coefficient of determination (R2) which varied between 98.7 to 99.2%. The predicted
potential (Ymax) of the tested varieties was 3.01 t ha-1 for Sonalika, 3.68 t ha-1 for NIDW
295, 3.71 t ha-1 for UAS 415, 2.79 t ha-1 for NIAW 917 and 2.83 t ha-1 for DWR 162 with
an N input level of 186.1 kg ha-1, 162.7 kg ha-1, 213.6 kg ha-1, 218.2 kg ha-1 and 177.2 kg
ha-1, respectively, beyond which the yield decreased. However, the maximum grain yield
(Ymax) for UAS 415 and NIAW 917 wheat varieties was not bracketed within the tested
nitrogen levels (0 to 200 kg ha-1).The economic optima of N level that will maximize the
net return under prevailing prices considered worked out to be 176.0 kg N ha-1 for
Sonalika, 156.4 kg N ha-1 for NIDW 295, 204.9 kg N ha-1 for UAS 415, 218.2 kg N ha-1
for NIAW 917 and 167.1 kg N ha-1 for DWR 162 with the resultant grain yield of 3.0 t
ha-1, 3.68 t ha-1, 3.71 t ha-1, 2.79 t ha-1 and 2.82 t ha-1, respectively.
Fertilizer use efficiencies viz., AEN, REN and PEN markedly decreased with each
higher level of nitrogen. The mean values of AEN, REN and PEN were 10.37 kg grain kg-1
N, 0.32 kg N kg-1 N, 32.12 kg grain kg-1 N absorbed, respectively
 
Date 2016-06-07T13:34:34Z
2016-06-07T13:34:34Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66931
 
Language en
 
Relation D9077;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY