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GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES FOR YIELD AND MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)

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Title GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES FOR YIELD AND MOISTURE STRESS TOLERANCE IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
 
Creator JOHN, KOMMALAPATI
 
Contributor RAGHAVA REDDY, P
 
Subject planting, developmental stages, yields, heterosis, groundnuts, diseases, area, leaf area, harvesting, harvest index
Arachis hypogaea L
 
Description A study comprising of 28 crosses derived from 8 x 8 diallel without
reciprocals was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station,
Tirupati during kharif, 2009 and rabi, 2009 seasons. The data recorded on
twenty three characters influencing yield and moisture stress tolerance were
subjected to combining ability, heterosis, genetic parameters, character
associations and path co-efficient analysis. In addition, molecular diversity
among parents was also performed to delineate the differences among them at
molecular.
During kharif, ICGV-99029 recorded the maximum per se performance
for number of secondary branches per plant, stomatal conductance, kernel
yield per plant and pod yield per plant, while JL-220 recorded the highest per
se performance for number of well-filled and mature pods per plant, 100-
kernel weight, harvest index and protein per cent. Similarly, TPT-4 showed
the highest per se performance for shelling per cent, while K-1375 was found
to be promising genotype for number of primary branches per plant, SPAD
chlorophyll meter reading, specific leaf weight, leaf area index, sound mature
kernel per cent and oil per cent.
During rabi season TPT-4 showed the highest per se performance for
number of well-filled and mature pods per plant, shelling per cent, SMK per
cent, 100-kernel weight, kernel yield per plant and pod yield per plant. JL-220
recorded the highest per se performance for SPAD chlorophyll meter reading,
leaf area index and protein per cent. The genotype, K-1375 exhibited lowest
per se performance for SLA and high for water use efficiency.
Among the F1 crosses, TPT-4 x ICGV-99029 was found to be distinct
for its highest mean values for number of primary branches per plant, number
of mature pods per plant, shelling per cent, dry haulms yield per plant, kernel
yield per plant and pod yield per plant during kharif season. On contrary
TPT-4 x TIR-25 was a promising cross for number of well-filled and mature
pods per plant, shelling per cent, kernel yield per plant and pod yield per plant
during rabi.
Among F2s, JL-220 x TCGS-647 showed the highest per se
performance for SMK per cent, protein per cent, kernel yield per plant and pod
yield per plant during kharif season. Similarly, TPT-4 x ICGV-91114 was
distinct for its lowest mean value for days to maturity and highest mean values
for number of well-filled and mature pods per plant, shelling per cent,
100- kernel weight during rabi.
The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that both gca
and sca variances were significant for all the characters except stomatal
conductance (both seasons) and WUE during kharif indicating the importance
of both additive and non additive genetic variances for these characters. The
genotypes viz., ICGV-99029 (kharif) and TPT-4 (rabi) were considered to the
best general combiners for pod yield per plant. The crosses viz., ICGV-91114
x TCGS-647 in both seasons, JL-220 x ICGV-99029, TIR-25 x ICGV-99029,
ICGV-91114 x K-1375 and TCGS-584 x ICGV-99029 during kharif, TPT-4 x
TIR-25 and TCGS-594 x K-1375 during rabi were considered as desirable
specific combinations for pod yield per plant.
Among all the F1crosses, TPT-4 x TIR-25 recorded the highest positive
significant sca effect for pod and kernel yields during kharif. Similarly, the F1,
JL-220 x ICGV-99029 showed the highest positive significant sca effects for
transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, pod yield per plant and kernel yield
per plant during kharif. During rabi the F1 cross combination ICGV-91114 x
TCGS-647 exhibited the highest positive significant sca effects for early
flowering, stomatal conductance and number of well-filled and mature pods
per plant.
The magnitude of observed heterosis was very high in desirable
direction for characters such as specific leaf area and sound mature kernel per
cent in K-1375 x TCGS-647, for dry haulms yield per plant and kernel yield
per plant in TIR-25 x ICGV-99029, for pod yield per plant in ICGV-91114 x
TCGS-647 during kharif. Similarly the F1 combination K-1375 x TCGS-647
exhibited the highest positive significant heterosis for kernel yield per plant,
while TCGS-584 x TCGS-647 was heterotic for number of well-filled and
mature pods per plant during rabi.
High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of
mean was observed for number of secondary branches per plant in
F1 generation during kharif indicating additive gene effects in its genetic
control. Similarly high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as
percentage of mean was noticed for number of well-filled and mature pods per
plant in F1 generation during rabi. In F2s, high heritability coupled with high
genetic advance as percentage of mean was registered for number of
secondary branches per plant during rabi indicating the involvement of
additive genes in their expression and possibility of improving these characters
through selection.
Pod yield per plant had significant positive association with plant
height, number of well-filled and mature pods per plant and kernel yield per
plant both in parents and F1s during kharif. Kernel yield per plant had
significant positive association with plant height and number of well-filled and
mature pods per plant in parents and F1s. During rabi, pod yield per plant had
significant positive association with plant height, number of well-filled and
mature pods per plant, 100-kernel weight and kernel yield per plant both in
parents, F1s and F2s indicating linear increase in these characters would result
in ultimate improvement in pod yield of the genotypes.
Path analysis revealed that kernel yield per plant had maximum
positive direct effect on pod yield per plant in parents, F1s and F2s in both the
seasons indicating kernel yield is the important yield contributing character.
Hundred kernel weight and plant height displayed moderate positive direct
effect on pod yield in parents in both seasons, while shelling per cent and
number of secondary branches per plant exhibited reasonably moderate
positive direct effect on pod yield in parents during rabi only.
Molecular studies revealed that out of 45 primers screened, ten primers
were found to be polymorphic and were efficient enough to detect the
variation existing among eight groundnut genotypes. The similarity index
values were ranged from 23.5% to 77.8% indicating a wide range of diversity
at DNA level. It is evident that there was a considerable variation among the
groundnut genotypes at molecular level. These markers can be utilized in
markers assisted breeding (MAS) programme for the development of high
WUE groundnut genotypes.
 
Date 2016-06-03T10:24:25Z
2016-06-03T10:24:25Z
2010-12
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66689
 
Language en
 
Relation D8968;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY