EMPOWERMENT SUSTENANCE AMONG WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS THROUGH MICRO FINANCE ACTIVITIES - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
KrishiKosh
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Title |
EMPOWERMENT SUSTENANCE AMONG WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS THROUGH MICRO FINANCE ACTIVITIES - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
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Creator |
PREETHI MANUKONDA
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Contributor |
JAMUNA RANI, B
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Subject |
biological phenomena, participation, economics, credit, marketing, economic systems, manpower, finance, markets, self help
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Description |
The empowerment of women, improvement of their status and economic roles need to be integrated into economic development programmes, as the development of any country is inseparably linked with the status and development of women. Experiences from world over have shown that provision of credit, promotion of enterprise creation and income generating activities among women, especially in groups would transform them from ‘being alive’ to ‘living with dignity’. Micro-Finance as a tool of poverty alleviation and women empowerment has gained acceptance in development for both consumption and production purposes. It is also an accepted fact that the success of SHGs as a development tool depends on the availability of micro finance. Empowerment sustenance is identified as a major factor for the active performance of a self help group. Hence, the present study was designed to study the Empowerment Sustenance of women self help groups through micro finance activities, in three regions of Andhra Pradesh. Ex-post facto research design was used for conducting the study. The three regions of Andhra Pradesh namely Telangana, Rayalaseema and Andhra have been selected for the study. One district from each region namely Nalgonda, Chittoor and East Godavari were selected purposively for having highest number of SHGs in operation. Four mandals from each district with highest longevity and two villages from each mandal were selected randomly. 10 women from each village making a total of 240 women were selected by simple random sampling method. The empowerment sustenance was measured by developing an index called Empowerment Sustenance Index (ESI) which was operationalized as fourteen indicators of ESI namely Group Approach, Group motivation and participation, Interpersonal Relationships, Access to Development Programmes, Power in local polity, Participation in MFIs, External resource mobilisation, Change in Gender Dynamics, Thrift and Credit activities, Group leadership and Achievement levels of SHG were identified to measure ESI. Moreover, nineteen independent variables were chosen for the study that influenced both the dependent variables viz. empowerment and empowerment sustenance. The following findings emerged from the present investigation. Distribution of respondents based on personal, social, economic, psychological, situational and group related characteristics showed that majority of the respondents belonged to the high category with regard to market facilities, achievement motivation and supportive environment for measurement of empowerment and empowerment sustenance among SHG women. Except for the variables group loafing and financial assistance obtained where majority fell under low category, for the rest of the variables majority of them were found to be in medium category. Out of the fourteen indicators of Empowerment Sustenance Index majority of the respondents were in the higher category for Group motivation and participation, interpersonal relationships, economic independence, Change in gender dynamics, Thrift and credit activities of SHGs and Achievement levels of SHGs. For indicators like Access to development programmes, Power in local polity and External Resource mobilisation in SHGs the majority of respondents were in low category and for the rest of indicators they were in medium category. The empowerment of SHG women was measured in two dimensions namely process and product empowerment. Except for desire to control dimension of process empowerment where majority of respondents fell in high category, in all the other dimensions, majority of respondents were found to be in medium category. With regard to product empowerment, except for the dimension, managerial competencies, where majority of respondents fell in medium category, in all the other dimensions majority of respondents were found to be in high category. Simple correlation analysis of independent variables with empowerment of SHG women revealed that age, education, family size, occupation, family income, community participation, market facilities, risk orientation and supportive environment were positively significant to empowerment while caste, family type and group loafing were found to be negatively significant to empowerment. The results of regression analysis inferred that family size, family type, occupation, family income, risk orientation and team spirit were found to be significant at 0.01 percent level of probability with empowerment of SHG women while, working age of the group and group loafing were found to be negatively significant. With regard to empowerment sustenance, simple correlation analysis of independent variables revealed that education, family size, occupation, community participation, family income, market facilities, risk orientation, supportive environment and team spirit were found be positively significant while caste, group loafing and family type were found to be negatively significant. Multi linear regression analysis showed that family size, occupation, participation in community activities, family income, indebtedness, achievement motivation, supportive environment and team spirit were positively significant at 0.01 level, while family type and group loafing were negatively significant to empowerment sustenance of SHG women. Step down regression analysis of independent variables with empowerment of SHG women indicated that 69.49 per cent variation was explained by eight variables alone viz. age, caste, occupation, participation in group activities, family income, achievement motivation, risk orientation and group loafing. Significant variation in empowerment among selected SHG groups was found with F value being 4.13 indicating significant variation in empowerment between the groups, in three districts. Step down regression analysis of empowerment sustenance with independent variables indicated that 63.02 percent variation was explained by seven variables alone viz., education, occupation, participation in group activities, family income, achievement motivation, working age of the group and financial assistance obtained. A significant variation in empowerment sustenance was found between selected SHG groups with F value showing 11.43, indicating considerable variation with in the groups in three districts. The major problems expressed by SHG women were lack of adequate credit, lack of education, training and managerial skills, long durations of loan processing and high costs of production. The major suggestions given by SHG women include provision of adequate credit at low interest rates, training by competent trainers, fabrication of programmes for education and provision of sales outlets at mandal level. A strategy for making the SHG women self reliant was suggested based on the findings of the study. |
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Date |
2016-06-07T15:10:51Z
2016-06-07T15:10:51Z 2011 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66973
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D8858;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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