Character association and selection indices in Italian millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv]
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Title |
Character association and selection indices in Italian millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv]
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Creator |
LAKSHMI PRASANNA, P
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Contributor |
SAMBA MURTHY, J.S.V
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Subject |
indices, Italian, millet
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Description |
The present investigation was carried out separately during two consecutive seasons of 2008-2009, namely kharif 2008 and rabi 2009 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, with 18 Indian and 34 exotic genotypes of Italian millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv] procured from collections maintained at All India Co-ordinated Small Millets Improvement Project (AICSMIP), Bengaluru. Nature and extent of variability, heritability, genetic advance, selection indices, character association and the magnitude of direct and indirect effects of yield components on yield were studied for thirteen characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area, ear length, ear weight, straw weight, 1000 grain weight, carotene, crude protein percent, calcium content and grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among Indian and exotic genotypes for all the characters during kharif 2008 and rabi 2009 indicating substantial variability among the two groups of genotypes during both the seasons. The study of Indian genotypes during kharif 2008 revealed positive significant correlation of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, flag leaf area, ear length, ear weight, straw weight and protein content with grain yield per plant and improvement of grain yield may be possible if these traits are considered in the selection programme. The study of Indian genotypes during rabi 2009 revealed positive significant correlation of days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, ear weight, straw weight and 1000 grain weight with grain yield per plant and improvement of grain yield may be possible if the above traits are considered in the selection programme. The study of exotic genotypes during kharif 2008 revealed positive significant correlation of days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, ear length ,ear weight and straw weight with grain yield per plant and improvement of grain yield may be possible if these traits are considered in the selection programme. The study of exotic genotypes during rabi 2009 revealed positive significant correlation of days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity, number of productive tillers, flag leaf area, ear length, ear weight, straw weight and 1000 grain weight with grain yield per plant and improvement of grain yield may be possible if these traits are considered in the selection programme. The association of protein content and calcium content with grain yield is negative in all the four groups, while with carotene is negative in both Indian and exotic groups during kharif only. Simultaneous improvement of these two traits is not possible so we have to strike a balance among the attributes to find out an acceptable level of the characters under improvement. The study of Indian genotypes indicated that direct selection based on the traits, number of productive tillers per plant and ear weight during kharif where as in rabi days to maturity and ear weight are effective as the association and direct effects were positive for these traits. The study of exotic genotypes indicated that direct selection based on the characters, number productive tillers per plant during kharif where as in rabi ear weight and straw weight are effective as the association and direct effects were positive for these traits during both the seasons. The results of classical selection indices indicated that in Indian genotypes GS 448, GS 444, GS 442, and GS 449 for kharif and GS 440, GS 450, GS 451 and GS 448 for rabi are to be preferred. In case of Exotic group of genotypes, GS 462, GS 489 and GS 488 for kharif and GS 462, GS 463 and GS 458 for rabi are to be favoured. In general, the indices, which include more than one character, gave high genetic advance in all the four groups suggesting the utility of selection index for simultaneous improvement of several characters. Studies on genetic advance and relative efficiencies of indices indicated that in Indian genotypes, eight characters i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering , plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear length, ear weight, crude protein content and calcium content during kharif where as nine characters i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering , plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear length, ear weight, 1000 grain weight, crude protein content and calcium content during rabi together formed efficient selection indices and these traits may be given due weightage for simultaneous improvement in the respective groups. In case of exotic genotypes, eight characters i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear weight, carotene, 1000 grain weight and crude protein content during kharif where as nine characters i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear length, ear weight, 1000 grain weight, crude protein content and calcium content during rabi together formed efficient selection indices and these traits may be useful for simultaneous improvement in the respective groups. It was observed that inclusion of characters one by one in the function gave fluctuating changes in the value of genetic advance and relative efficiencies over yield in all the four groups. The restricted selection indices indicated that by restricting the quality parameters both in Indian and exotic genotypes the genetic enhancement of grain yield per plant can be improved both in kharif and rabi seasons. So while aiming for genetic enhancement of yield, we have to strike a balance between yield and quality parameters as they constitute staple food of poor people. The study of general selection indices in the four groups indicated that character behavior differed widely in all the four groups and suggested that separate selection models should be made for each group. However, in the study of the pool with Indian kharif group and Indian rabi group the prime importance should be given to number of productive tillers per plant, ear length, 1000 grain weight and ear weight while making selection. The study of pool with Indian kharif group and exotic kharif group revealed that prime importance should be given to number of productive tillers per plant, ear length and straw weight while making selection. The study of pool with Indian rabi group and exotic rabi group indicated that prime importance should be given to ear weight, number of productive tillers per plant and ear length while making selection. The study of pool with exotic kharif group and exotic rabi disclosed that prime importance should be given to ear weight, number of productive tillers per plant and ear length while making selection. When both Indian and exotic genotypes were considered together major emphasis should be given to number of productive tillers per plant, ear weight, ear length and plant height during both kharif and rabi seasons. Thus, the present study revealed that the major emphasis should be laid on selection process with increased number productive tillers per plant coupled with more ear weight and ear length while aiming for improvement of Indian and exotic genotypes of Italian millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] |
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Date |
2016-06-29T15:39:44Z
2016-06-29T15:39:44Z 2011 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/68274
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D9058;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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