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IMPACT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND MULCHES ON WATER USE, WEED DYNAMICS, YIELD, QUALITY AND PROFITABILITY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.)

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Title IMPACT OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND MULCHES ON WATER USE, WEED DYNAMICS, YIELD, QUALITY AND PROFITABILITY OF CHILLI (Capsicum annum L.)
 
Creator Choudhary, Vijay Kumar
 
Contributor Bhambri, Dr. M. C.
Pandey, Dr. N.
Sharma, Dr. H.G.
Lakhera, Dr. M.L.
Chandrakar, Dr. B.L.
 
Subject cultivation, irrigation, chillies, crops, weeds, trickle irrigation, yields, planting, fruits, biological development
 
Description A field experiment, aimed to study the impact of drip injgation and
mulches on water use, weed dynamics, yield, quality and profitability of chilli, was
conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Horticulture F-, IGKV,
Raipur (C.G.)d uring rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08.
The soil of experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, neutral in soil
reaction, low in available of N, medium in available p and high in available K
status. The climate of region is sub humid with an average annual rainfall of 1200-
1400 mm. The ~rorpe ceived 24.0 and 26.6 rnrn rainfall during crop growth period
during 2006-07 and 2007-08 respectively. The experiment was conducted with four
inigation levels among than, three drip irrigation levels (at 1.0 Epan, 0.8 Epan and
0.6 Epan) and one flood irrigation (at 1.0 Epan) as control in main plot and four
mulches i.e. no mulch (glyphosate @ 6 ml 1.' followed by two hand weedings),
black polythene mulch, transparent polythene mulch and paddy straw mulch in sub
plot. Agnirekha a hybrid cultivar of chilli was taken as test crop during rabi season
of 2006-07 and 2007-08 in split plot design with three replications.
Results revealed tha: all the growth parameters like plant height, number of
primary and secondary branches, number of leaves plant-', dry matter accumulation
plant-1 of leaves, stem, fruits and total, leaf area and leaf area index were
significantly higher under drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan but was close to drip imgation
at 0.8 Epan. Similarly all these growth parameters were also superior with black
polythene mulch which was comparable with paddy straw mulch.
Further, Crop growth parameters like LAD, AGR, RGR, NAR and CGR
were registered significantly higher when crop was imposed drip irrigation at 1.0
Epan, but at harvest it was inconsistent and at par with drip irrigation at 0.8 Epan.
Among mulches black polythene mulch registered significantly higher values of dl
these crop growth analysis parameters closely followed by paddy straw mulch.
On the contrary, root growth parameters like maximum root length, root
number, root volume, root dry weight and root fraction were observed significantly
higher when crop was supplied flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan over all the drip
irrigation levels. While, lower root values were recorded under drip irrigation at 1.0
E~~~ followed by 0.8 ~pmD.u e to the various mulches, no mulch registered
higher root growth parameters followed by transparent polythene mulch. Whereas
least root mowth were noticed with black polythene mulch fol1owed by
paddy straw mulcjl.
Yield attributing characters like number of flowers plant-', fruit setting per
cent, number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, hit volume, fruit girth, green hit
weight, dry weight (fruit-') and yield were higher when crop was imposed to drip
imgation at 1.0 Epan but, was comparable with drip irrigation at 0.8 Epan.
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However, lower values of yield attributing characters and yield were obtained
under flood imgatiOn at l.0 Epan. Ln respect to various mulches, yield attributes
and yield were recorded significantly higher when mop was placed with black
polythene mulch but, was close to paddy straw mulch. Whereas, least values were
registered with no mulch followed by transparent mulch.
Quality parameters like TSS, ascorbic acid and capsaicin content differed
significantly in respect to drip irrigations and mulches. TSS and capsaicin content
measured higher values when crop was supplied flood irrigation at 1.0 pan
irrigation at 0.6 Epan. Whereas least values were noticed when
crop was applied drip imgation at 1.0 Epan followed by drip irrigation at 0.8 Epm.
Among mulches, no mulch recorded significantly higher TSS and capsaicin content
followed by transparent polythene mulch. However, black polythene mulch and
paddy straw mulch registered lower values. Ascorbic acid content was
contradictory to TSS and capsaicin content. It waq recorded higher with drip
imgation at 1.0 Epan and least with flood imgation at 1.0 Epan. In respect to
various mulches, black polythene mulch recorded higher ascorbic acid content
followed by paddy straw mulch.
Drip inigation at 1.0 Epan secured higher score for sensory parameters like
appearance, colour, juiciness and shining, on the other hand pungency was quite
contradictory to aforesaid drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan treatment and obtained least
score followed by drip at 0.8 Epan. Among various mulches fruits produced with
black polythene and paddy straw mulch secured higher score except pungency,
which was quite low under these treatments and high pungency was observed
under flood imgation at 1.0 Epan as well as under lower level of drip inigation (at
0.6 Epan).
Weed studies like weed density and weed dry weight were recorded higher
when crop was imposed flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan at all the crop stage. Among
various stages mi~ximum weed density and dry weight was recorded at 75 DAT.
Whereas, least weed density and dry weight was noticed under drip irrigation at 0.6
EP a n over other drip levels. Among various mulches, no mulch (glyphosate @ 6 ml 1- followed by two hand weeding) noticed significantly higher weed density and
dry weight followed by transparent polythene mulch. However, transparent
polythene mulch recorded higher density of grasses like Echinochloa colonurn,
Bracjiaria ranrose and C'nodon dacfylon over sedges and broadleaves. While,
black polythene mulch recorded least weed density and dry weight except Cypems
rotundus. Paddy straw mulch recorded intermediate values of weed density and dry
weight over no mulch and black polythene mulch. However, paddy straw mulch
observed higher density dry weight of broad leaf weeds as compared to
transparent poly+ene mulch. The interaction of drip imgation levels and mulches
indicate that, the combination of drip irrigation at 0.6 Epan with black polythene
mulch significantly inhibit the weed growth and density over other combinations.
~~it was~ reveal~ed fromh the d~ata tha,t 20 an d 40 per cent water saving
can be achieved with drip irrigation levels of 0.8 and 0.6 EPre~spec tively over
flood irrigation at 1.0 Epan. Similarly, highest weed control efficiency was noticed
when crop was imposed &p irrigation at 0.6 Epan followed by 0.8 Epan. In respect
to various mulches, black polythene mulch recorded highest weed control
efficiency over all the mulches followed by paddy straw mulch but there was a
wide difference. weed index also indicate that there was 35.95 Per Cent reduction
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in yield of chilli, due to weeds under flood irrigation over drip irrigation at 1.0
Epan and amongst mulches, no mulch recorded 27.78 per cent reduction in yield as
compared to black polythene mulch due to weed infestation.
Maximum monitory return of Rs 284292 and 288892 ha.', respectively
during 2006-07 and 2007-08 net income in combination of drip imgation at 1.0
Epan with black polythene mulch but was comparable to drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan
with paddy straw mulch (Rs 281436 and 283 136 ha", respectively during 2006-07
and 2007-08). The highest Benefit: cost ratio was obtained in combination of drip
imgation at 1.0 Epan with paddy straw mulch (4.68 and 4.71 respectively, during
2006-07 and 2007-08) followed by drip imgation at 0.8 Epan with paddy straw
mulch (4.54 and 4.43, respectively) and drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan with black
polythene mulch (3.76 and 3.82, respectively during both the years).
 
Date 2016-02-10T14:25:27Z
2016-02-10T14:25:27Z
2008
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/64285
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur