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HETEROSIS, GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY OVER ENVIRONMENTS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.)

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Title HETEROSIS, GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY OVER ENVIRONMENTS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CASTOR (Ricinus communis L.)
 
Creator SAPOVADIYA MANISHKUMAR HARILAL
 
Contributor Dobariya K. L.
 
Subject HETEROSIS, GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY OVER ENVIRONMENTS FOR SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN CASTOR
GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING
 
Description The present investigation entitled “Heterosis, gene action and combining ability
over environments for seed yield and its components in castor (Ricinus communis L.)” was
conducted at the Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University,
Junagadh. The experimental material comprised of four lines viz., JP-96, SKP-84, SKP-106
and JP-89 and 13 testers namely PCS-124, DCS-85, SKI-215, SKI-343, SKI-341, SKI-352,
JI-244, JI-353, JI-357, 48-1, RG-2800, RG-2826 and JC-18 and their 52 hybrids derived
from line x tester mating design. These 69 genotypes along with a check hybrid, GCH-7
were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications under three dates of
sowing (environments) i.e. E1 = 1st week of August, E2 = 3rd week of August and E3 =2nd
week of September during kharif 2013-14. The observations on five randomly selected
plants were recorded for 12 characters viz., days to 50 % flowering of primary raceme, days
to maturity of primary raceme, plant height upto primary raceme (cm), number of nodes
upto primary raceme, length of primary raceme (cm), effective length of primary raceme
(cm), number of effective branches per plant, number of capsules on primary raceme,
shelling out-turn (%), seed yield per plant (g), 100-seed weight (g) and oil content (%).
The analysis of variance for the experimental design under individual
environments and pooled over environments revealed significant differences among the
genotypes, parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids for all the characters except P vs H for
number of nodes upto primary raceme in E2, indicating the presence of considerable genetic
diversity in the material studied. The mean squares due to environments were also found
significant for all the characters except number of capsules on primary raceme. The mean
square due to parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids interacted significantly with
environments for all the characters except P x E, H x E and (P vs. H) x E for days to 50 %
flowering of primary raceme, days to maturity of primary raceme and 100-seed weight; H x
E and (P vs. H) x E for oil content and (P vs. H) x E for number of capsules on primary
raceme and seed yield per plant.
Major Guide
Dr. K. L. Dobariya
Name of Student
Sapovadiya Manish H.
The magnitude of heterosis was high for seed yield per plant, plant height upto
primary raceme, number of effective branches per plant and number of capsules on primary
raceme; moderate for days to 50% flowering of primary raceme, days to maturity of primary
raceme, number of nodes upto primary raceme, length of primary raceme, effective length
of primary raceme and 100-seed weight and low for shelling out-turn and oil content. The
heterobeltiosis ranged from -37.14 to 75.95%, while standard heterosis ranged from -61.77
to 18.64%. The cross JP-89 x JI-357 recorded the highest standard heterosis for seed yield
per plant followed by JP-96 x PCS-124, SKP-106 x JI-357 and JP-96 x JI-353. These
crosses also exhibited desirable heterosis for important yield attributes suggesting that the
heterosis for seed yield per plant was associated with heterosis for component characters.
Both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in the genetic control
of all the characters. The additive gene action was more important for 100-seed weight. The
preponderance of non-additive genetic variance was observed in the inheritance of days to
50% flowering of primary raceme, days to maturity of primary raceme, plant height upto
primary raceme, number of nodes upto primary raceme, length of primary raceme, effective
length of primary raceme, number of effective branches per plant, number of capsules on
primary raceme, shelling out-turn, seed yield per plant and oil content. This suggested that
heterosis breeding or biparental mating would be more suitable for the improvement of
these traits in castor.
The line JP-89 and testers PCS-124, DCS-85, SKI-215, JI-353 and JI-357
displayed high gca effect, good per se performance and stability for seed yield per plant and
some desirable traits like length of primary raceme, effective length of primary raceme,
number of effective branches per plant and number of capsules on primary raceme. These
parents possessed high concentration of favourable genes for more number of traits and
would be utilized in multiple crossing programmes. The crosses JP-96 x PCS-124, JP-96 x
JI-353, JP-89 x JI-357, SKP-106 x JI-357 and SKP-84 x SKI-215 displayed high sca effect
for seed yield per plant and also showed desirable sca effect and heterosis for important
yield attributing traits. The crosses exhibiting high sca effect involved either good x poor,
poor x poor or good x good general combiners for majority of characters indicating the
presence of additive x dominance, dominance x dominance and additive x additive type of
gene interactions. The use of heterosis breeding or recurrent selection or biparental mating
followed by pedigree selection may prove to be effective in simultaneous exploitation of
both the types of gene action for improvement of seed yield per plant and its attributes in
castor.
The stability analysis indicated significant differences among the genotypes (G),
environments (E) and G x E interactions for all the characters except G x E interaction for
days to 50% flowering of primary raceme, days to maturity of primary raceme, 100-seed
weight and oil content, indicating variable response of different genotypes for various traits
under varied environmental conditions. The results on environmental index revealed that
timely sown condition was the most congenial for seed yield per plant and majority of the
yield component traits. The stability parameters viz., overall mean ( X ), regression
coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di) revealed that the hybrids JP-89 x JI-
357, SKP-84 x SKI-215, JP-89 x PCS-124, JP-96 x DCS-85 and SKP-106 x SKI-352 were
most widely adapted for seed yield per plant and its components. The parents JP-96, SKP-
84, SKP-106, JP-89, PCS-124, DCS-85, SKI-215, SKI-343, SKI-341, JI-353 and RG-2800
were identified as the stable genotypes for seed yield and its components and hence, may be
utilized in breeding programmes for incorporation of stability in castor.
In all, the crosses, JP-89 x JI-357, JP-96 x PCS-124, SKP-106 x JI-357 and JP-96
x JI-353 with high per se performance, standard heterosis, heterobeltiosis and sca effect for
seed yield per plant, may be further tested over years under multilocational testing to
identify stable and high yielding hybrids for yield improvement in castor.
 
Date 2016-09-28T17:32:13Z
2016-09-28T17:32:13Z
2015-07
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/79390
 
Language en
 
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