Efficacy of Immunomodulators Lugol's Iodine and Prostaglandin F2_ in the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis in Cows
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Title |
Efficacy of Immunomodulators Lugol's Iodine and Prostaglandin F2_ in the Treatment of Postpartum Endometritis in Cows
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Creator |
Palanisamy, M.
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Contributor |
Nepolean, R. Ezakial
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Description |
Endometritis definitely increases the number of services per conception,thereby prolongs the intercalving interval in bovines which in turn leads to heavy economic loss to the farmers. There appears to be no consensus among theveterinarians regarding the best way of treating bovine endometritis. Hence, it becomes the need of the hour to identify a suitable treatment regimen for endometritis in cows, which is cost effective and should not alter the uterine defense mechanism. A total of 72 crossbred cows were divided equally in to six groups as group I (LI), II (LPS), III (LYZ), IV (OG), V (PGF2_) and VI (controlgroups). Group I cows were treated with 30 ml of 2 per cent Lugol’s iodine for 3consecutive days from the day of oestrus. Group II, III and IV cows were administered with single intrauterine dose of 30 ml PBS containing 100 μg of Escherichia coli LPS, 2 mg of lysozymes (LYZ) and 500 mg of oysterglycogen(OG), respectively. Group V cows (PGF2_) were administered with 25mg of PGF2_ intramuscularly on day 10 of the oestrus cycle. Control cows weregiven single dose of 30 ml PBS through intrauterine route during the day of oestrus. The cervical mucus was collected from all the experimental cows beforetreatment and during subsequent oestrus following treatment for estimation of its pH, isolation of bacteria and it was also subjected to white side test. Endometrialbiopsy was collected just prior to start treatment in all the cows and during subsequent oestrum following treatment for histopathological evaluation of endometrium. Blood and uterine fluid were collected from all the treatment and control cows before treatment and at 24, 48 and 72 hours following treatment for haematological and cytological studies. Sexual rest was given for one oestrus cycle following treatment and in the subsequent oestrus, all the cows were artificially inseminated. Cost of therapy, recovery and conception rates in each group were calculated. Out of 72 cows affected with endometritis, 69.44 per cent cows had mild to severe deviation in the vulval conformation. The increasing percentage of clear mucus and reduction in mucopurulent and purulent genital discharge following treatment in all treated cows were confirmed by vaginal speculum examination (76.40) and vaginoscopy (70.80 per cent). Among treatment groups, there was a 100 per cent clear cervical mucus in LPS treated cows followed by 91.70 per cent in LYZ and OG groups. In PGF2_ and LI groups, after treatment, 75.00 per cent cows showed clear cervical mucus. But none of the control cows exhibited clear mucus after treatment. White side test revealed 100 per cent positive reaction before treatment in all the cows. However, after treatment, in LPS group, none of the cows showed positive reaction. Only 8.30 per cent cows in LYZ and OG and 33.33 per cent in PGF2_ groups exhibited positive reaction but none of the control cows showed negative reaction after infusion of PBS. The mean (± SE) pH value of the cervical mucus and uterine fluid before treatment ranged from 8.47 ± 0.02 to 8.62 ± 0.02 and 7.87 ± 0.04 to 8.30 ± 0.02 and after the treatment it ranged from 7.01 ± 0.02 to 8.17 ± 0.04 and 7.61 ± 0.01 to 7.97 ± 0.01 in all the treated and control groups, respectively. The bacteria isolated from the endometritis affected cows before and after treatment were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Pseudomonas, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella sp. and Clostridium perferingens. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant causative organism of endometritis followed by E. coli. The bacterial colony counts recorded before treatment in cows affected with endometritis significantly P_0.01) reduced after treatment in all the treated groups. The mean (±SE) Hb level (grams per cent) and mean (±SE) PCV (percent) increased significantly in all treated groups after treatment. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate varied from 1.33 ± 0.03 to 1.48 ± 0.02 in cows affected with endometritis. The ESR values ranged from 1.25 ± 0.02 to 1.40 ± 0.02 after the treatment. The mean (±SE) total erythrocyte count after the treatment revealed no significant difference among LPS, LYZ, OG and PGF2_ groups, but they differed statistically with LI and control groups. After treatment, at all the time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours), the mean (±SE) leucocyte count showed an increasing trend both in control and treatmentgroups. After treatment, there was a reduction in mean (±SE) lymphocyte count in LPS, LYZ, OG and control groups. But, the count showed an increase in both LI and PGF2_ groups. After treatment, there was an increase in the mean (±SE) blood PMN cell count in LPS, LYZ and OG treated groups and in control which was observed to be sustained upto 72 hours of sampling. Whereas in the other two treatment groups LI and PGF2_ decreasing trend was observed during the period following treatment. A significant increase in the mean (±SE) cell counts of blood monocyte in LPS, LYZ, OG and LI treated groups excluding the PGF2_ treated group was observed after treatment. A significant increase in the eosinophil count soon after the initiation of the treatment was observed in LPS, LYZ and OG groups, whereas a decrease in the eosinophil per cent was observed in LI and PGF2_ groups. In uterine fluid, the total mean (±SE) leucocyte count (TLC) (thousand/ml) in the uterine flushing registered almost a similar count in treated and control groups before treatment. At 24, 48 and 72 hours after initiation of treatment, a significant increase in mean (±SE) TLC was observed in all the treated groups. The mean (±SE) lymphocyte count before treatment in the uterine flushing revealed an almost uniform percentage both in treatment and control groups. Except control, in all the other groups, there was a drastic reduction in mean (±SE) lymphocyte count after treatment. Before treatment, the percentage of mean (±SE) PMN in uterine fluid of all the treatment and control groups were almost similar. However, an abrupt increase of PMN cells in uterine fluid at 24 hours after treatment was noticed in all the treatment groups. Thereafter, the PMN cells reduced marginally as the time advanced (48 and 72 hours). However, no such variation was observed in control group. The mean (± SE) monocytes and eosinophilic counts in uterine fluid had only marginal variations during 0 hour of treatment. However, the values increased at 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment in all the treated groups. After treatment, a marked reduction in epithelial cells was registered in the groups treated with immunomodulators and PGF2_. After the initiation of the treatment, almost all the treatment groups registered an increase in the mean (± SE) viable cell percentage. After treatment, histopathology of endometrium showed regeneration of endometrial epithelium with mononuclear cell infiltration in sub epithelial area, infiltration of macrophages in sub-mucosa, hyperplasia of the glandular cells and endometrium and fully grown epithelium. The regenerative changes were predominant in cows treated with immunomodulators followed by PGF2_ group. Treatment cost per conception in LI, LPS, LYZ, OG and PGF2_ groups was Rs. 2.70, 13.00, 2.60, 255.00 and 490.00 respectively. In these groups, the conception rate obtained was 33.33, 83.33, 75.00, 66.67 and 50.00 per cent, respectively. The percentage of conception in control group was only 8.33 percent. Hence, it is concluded that immunomodulators viz E.coli lipopolysaccharides, lysozyme, oyster glycogen and PGF2_ can be used in the treatment of endometritis to achieve maximum conception rate under field conditions. |
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Date |
2016-07-26T15:15:51Z
2016-07-26T15:15:51Z 2012 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/69951
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
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