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GENETIC STUDIES IN SESAMUM (Sesamum indicum L.)

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Title GENETIC STUDIES IN SESAMUM (Sesamum indicum L.)
 
Creator CHAUDHARI, GIRISH B.
 
Contributor NAIK, M.R.
 
Subject planting, yields, environment, heterosis, sowing, crossing over, developmental stages, genotypes, biological phenomena, oilseeds
 
Description An experimental material comprising of five lines, ten testers and their fifty
crosses developed through line x tester mating design along with two standard
checks viz., Gujarat Til-4 and TKG-22 were grown in a randomized block design,
with three replications, in three diverse environments during 2012-13. Three
environmental situations were different locations viz., Navsari, Acchaliya and Vyara.
The objective of the study was to identify prospective, stable and heterotic
crosses of sesamum suitable for cultivation over a wide range of locations.
Therefore, the magnitude of heterosis over better parent and standard checks viz.,
Gujarat Til-4 (Local check) and TKG-22 (National check), combining ability of
parents and nature of gene actions for various quantitative traits as well as
genotype x environment interactions and stability parameters were studied. The
observations were recorded for seed yield and its attributes along with quality
parameters such as oil and protein content.
The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes
for all the characters studied. The significant mean squares due to genotype x
environment interaction for grain yield and yield contributing traits emphasized that
genotypes reacted differentially to the environments. Perusal of mean performance
of parents over environments revealed that parents : JLS-110-12, JLS-9707-2,
AKT-64, JLT-7 and Phule Til No.1 were superior in respect of seed yield per plant,
whereas among crosses, G.Til-3 x AKT-64, G.Til-3 x PKV-NT-11 and G.Til-3 x
AKT-101 were found superior.
ABSTRACT
The magnitude of heterosis over environments revealed that crosses: G.Til-3
x PKV-NT-11, G.Til-3 x AKT-101 and G.Til-3 x JLT-408 manifested high
heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over both the standard checks i.e., G.Til-4
and TKG-22. Crosses showing high heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis over
both the checks for grain yield per plant, in general also manifested desirable
heterotic effects for two or more important yield contributing characters.
Combining ability analysis over environments revealed importance of both
additive and non-additive components. Perusal of σ2gca/ σ2sca ratio revealed
preponderance of additive gene action for seed yield per plant, capsules per plant,
capsule length, 1000-seed weight, oil content and protein content. While, the
characters, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, branches per
plant and seeds per capsule were controlled by non-additive gene action,
suggesting in general, the importance of both additive and non-additive gene
actions for inheritance of component traits. As preponderance of additive gene
action and high heterosis is conspicuous for seed yield and majority of yield
contributing characters in the present investigation, it is recommended that
heterosis breeding can be used for exploitation of hybrid vigor.
The parents, G.Til-3 and JLS-116 besides being best general combiners
among females and males, respectively for seed yield per plant were also found to
be good combiners for majority of the yield components suggesting that these
parents possessed good source of favorable genes for increasing overall
production in sesamum.
The per se performances of parents and crosses were related to gca effects
of parents and sca effect of crosses, respectively for majority of the characters.
Consequently, the scope of a genotype to be used as a parent in hybridization
programme or a cross to be used as a commercial hybrid might be judged by
comparing per se performance of parents and crosses along with gca of parents
and heterotic response of crosses, respectively. The crosses exhibiting high per se
performance, high heterosis and significant desirable sca effects for various traits
involved either good x good, good x poor, good x average or poor x good
combining parents. The crosses exhibiting high sca effects did not always involve
the parents with high gca effects, thereby suggesting the importance of inter-allelic
interaction. However, it was observed that at least one good general combining
parent was involved in desirable specific combination.
The analysis of variance for phenotypic stability indicated that the variation
due to genotype x environment interaction was considerable for all the characters
except for protein content. The significance of G x E (linear) and pooled deviation
for majority of the traits suggested the importance of both linear and non-linear
components in determining total genotype x environment interactions.
Perusal of stability parameters revealed five parents and one check (G. Til-4)
exhibiting higher mean seed yield, unit regression (bi) and least deviation from
regression (S2di) and therefore they were classified as stable with average
response to environments.
Among the crosses three crosses were found stable with average response
to environments and five crosses registered specific adaptability for favorable
environments, while the combination G.Til-3 x JLS-110-12 showed specific
adaptability to poor environments for seed yield per plant.
The best crosses viz., G.Til-3 x AKT-101 , Patan-64 x JLS-110-12 and G.Til-
1 x JLT-7 were found to have average stability over environments for seed yield
per plant with one or more stable yield contributing traits. These crosses also
manifested high per se performance, significant heterobeltiosis and standard
heterosis over both the standard checks (G.Til-4 and TKG-22) with either significant
positive or positive sca effects for seed yield and some of its important components,
signifying their potential for commercial exploitation for genetic improvement in
sesamum.
 
Date 2016-05-04T10:15:46Z
2016-05-04T10:15:46Z
2014-03
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65764
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari