NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT SOWN AND RATOON CROPS OF SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench)
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Title |
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN DIRECT SOWN AND RATOON CROPS OF SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench)
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Creator |
GANGADEVI, M
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Contributor |
SRIDHAR, V
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Subject |
fertilizers, sorghum, yields, confectionery, crops, nitrogen, ratoons, sugar, harvesting, genotypes
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Description |
Field experiments were conducted both during kharif and rabi seasons of 2010 and 2011 on sandy clay loam soils of dryland farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati campus of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Andhra Pradesh to study the “ nutrient management in direct sown and ratoon crops of sweet sorghum .” The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three genotypes viz., SPV-422 (V1), ICSV-700 (V2) and Madhura hybrid (V3) assigned to main plots, four fertilizer levels viz., 60-40-40 (F1), 80-60-60 (F2), 100-80-80 (F3) and 120-100-100 (F4) kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O allotted to sub plots in kharif seasons and three nitrogen levels viz., 100% N (N1), 125% N (N2) and 150% N (N3) super imposed in sub-sub plots along with the best fertilizer level of 100-80-80 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O in rabi seasons. Growth parameters of main and ratoon crops of sweet sorghum viz., plant height, leaf area and dry matter production plant-1 were maximum with the variety SPV-422 (V1) with comparable values with Madhura hybrid while ICSV-700 was inferior among the genotypes. The Madhura hybrid was early in maturity while the other two genotypes were late. At all the stages of crop growth, increasing the fertilizer levels from 60-40-40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O (F1) to 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O (F4) resulted in increased xxiv values of growth parameters. Increasing levels of nitrogen progressively enhanced the growth parameters in ratoon crop. Interaction of varieties and fertilizer levels turned out to be significant in case of drymatter production at 90 DAS and at harvest and the combinations of V1F4 (SPV-422 with 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) resulted in the highest drymatter production during both the years of study. Highest values of all the yield attributes of main and ratoon crops viz., stripped leaf yield, stripped stalk yield and juice yield were recorded with the variety SPV-422 (V1) while the least values were obtained with ICSV-700. Increasing levels of fertilizers progressively enhanced the yield attributes up to the highest level of 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O, in general, during both the years. In ratoon crop, 150% nitrogen (N3) produced the highest values of yield attributes which was comparable to 125% nitrogen (N2). The grain yield of both the crops was the highest with the variety SPV-422 (V1) followed by Madhura hybrid (V3) while in case of the fertilizer levels, the highest grain yield was recorded with F3 (100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) which was at par with F4 (120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O). In case of ratoon crop 125% and 150% nitrogen levels produced on par yield levels. With regard to the interaction effects, the treatment combinations of either V1F3 (SPV-422 along with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) or V3F3 (Madhura hybrid along with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) resulted in the highest grain yield. Juice quality parameters of main and ratoon crops of sweet sorghum studied viz., Brix, total sugar content, reducing and non-reducing sugar contents and total sugar index were significantly influenced by different treatments both at panicle initiation and at harvest stages. The highest values of Brix, total sugar content, reducing and non-reducing sugar contents and total sugar index were recorded with the variety SPV-422 (V1) which was on par with Madhura hybrid (V3). Brix tended to decrease progressively with increasing fertilizer levels while total sugar content, reducing and non-reducing sugar contents and total sugar index followed the reverse trend. The ethanol yield of juice was maximum with the variety SPV-422 (V1) which was on par with Madhura hybrid (V3) and the least value obtained with ICSV-700. Among fertilizer levels, the ethanol yield increased with increasing fertilizer levels from 60-40-40 to 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O respectively. Application of 150% nitrogen produced the highest ethanol yield in ratoon crop. Interaction of genotypes and fertilizer levels failed to exert any significant influence on the ethanol yield of main crop of sweet sorghum. xxv The highest uptake of nutrients was recorded with the variety SPV-422 (V1). Increasing levels of fertilizer or nitrogen increased the uptake of nutrients at all the stages during both the years. The variety SPV-422 in combination with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O respectively resulted in maximum uptake of nutrients. Significantly the highest gross and net returns and B:C ratio were realized with SPV-422 variety. Increasing levels of fertilizer progressively enhanced the gross and net returns up to the highest level of fertilizer (120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) which was at par with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O. However, the B:C ratio increased only upto 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O. The highest and comparable values of gross and net returns as well as B:C ratio were registered with 125% and 150% nitrogen levels. In case of the interaction effects, V1F3 (SPV-422 along with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) was more economical, and was comparable to V1F4 (SPV-422 with 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O) and V3F4 (Madhura hybrid along with 120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O). The genotype ICSV-700 either alone or in combination with the lowest fertilizer level of 60-40-40 kg ha-1accounted for the lowest values in all these economic parameters during both the years. The highest post harvest soil fertility status was recorded with the variety SPV-422 (V1). Increasing levels of fertilizer supply enhanced the soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Application of 150% N (N3) recorded the highest soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium comparable with125% N (N2). The interaction effects between varieties and fertilizer level were found to be significant in main crop in case of drymatter production at 90 DAS at harvest, stripped stalk yield, grain yield and quality parameters while in ratoon crop, in addition to the above, total sugar index, ethanol yield, nutrient uptake and economics were significantly influenced by interaction effects. In case of grain yield and B:C ratio the variety SPV-422 with 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O (V1F3) and incase of other above mentioned parameters, the same genotype coupled with120-100-100 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O (V1F4) proved to be better. In conclusion, the study revealed that both the main and ratoon crops of sweet sorghum could be successfully raised in the present domain of study, with higher productivity and quality as well as remunerative economic returns with the combination of the genotypes SPV-422 or Madhura coupled with the fertilizer level of 100-80-80 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O beside the application of 125% nitrogen to the ratoon crop. |
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Date |
2016-06-16T15:20:21Z
2016-06-16T15:20:21Z 2012 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67482
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D9341;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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