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“IMPACT OF PUDDLING AND TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN ALFISOL

KrishiKosh

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Title “IMPACT OF PUDDLING AND TILLAGE PRACTICES ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY UNDER RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN ALFISOL
 
Creator Sharma, Charu
 
Contributor Bajpai, R.K.
Urkurkar, J.S.
Patil, S.K.
Tedia, K.
Lakhera, M.L.
 
Subject PUDDLING,TILLAGE,SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES,CROP PRODUCTIVITY,RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM,ALFISOL
Soil Science
 
Description An experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at Instructional Farm, IGAU, Raipur to investigate the impact of puddling in rice and tillage practices in wheat on soil physical properties and crop productivity under rice-wheat cropping system in Alfisol. In this study, four rice establishment methods (viz. P1 - direct dry seeding, P2 - drum seeding, P3 - manual transplanting, P4 - mechanical transplanting)were used and its residual effect on tillage practices (viz. T1 – conventional tillage, T2 – zero tillage, T3 - strip tillage, T4 - bed planting) adopted in wheat were assessed in respect of changes in soil physical properties, root growth and crop productivity. The soil physical properties viz., bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, per cent water stable aggregates, mean weight diameter, cracking and drying pattern were significantly affected by different rice establishment methods. Puddling significantly reduced the bulk density of surface layer (0-0.07 m) at initial stage (15 DAT) but at harvesting, the puddled treatments attained significantly higher value than direct dry seeded treatment. The bulk density of sub surface (0.15 – 0.22 m) puddled layer was higher than direct dry seeding and maximum under mechanical transplanting. Further, the hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate, percent water stable aggregates (WSA > 2.0 mm) and mean weight diameter were reduced significantly in comparison to direct dry seeded rice. Puddled soil had higher water retention capacity and formed wider cracks upon drying as compared to unpuddled plots. At 0-0.10 m depth, the percent root distribution was approximately 8% higher under puddled treatments than direct dry seeding. The root length density, root volume and root dry weight were higher under direct dry seeding treatment in all the depths, at 30 DAT. But, at later stage (70 DAT) these parameters were higher under manual transplanting treatment upto 0.20 m depth. The performance of direct dry seeding was similar to manual transplanting with slight reduction in yield (4.63%). However, the direct dry seeded rice gave higher net returns (5.94%) and benefit: cost ratio (22.64%) than manual transplanting with an advantage of 10.13%, 6.15% and 5.09% in energy output input ratio, energy use efficiency and specific energy, respectively.
Among different wheat tillage practices conventional and bed planting significantly reduced the bulk density and increased the hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate than the zero tillage and strip tillage at the surface layer. However, the percent WSA >2mm and mean weight diameter under zero tillage and strip tillage was higher by 11% and 5% respectively as compared to conventional tillage and bed planting, but effect was non significant. The root
length density and root volume was significantly higher in conventional and bed planting upto 0.20 m depth. The wheat grain yield was significantly effected by different tillage practices. The highest grain yield was obtained under conventional tillage and lowest under strip tillage. There was no significant effect of rice establishment methods and wheat tillage practices on the organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status of soil during both the years. The direct dry seeding had significant residual effect in improving soil physical properties, root growth and yield of succeeding wheat crop. Under rice wheat cropping system, on the basis of BC ratio, energy output input ratio and energy use efficiency, the performance of direct dry seeding of rice during kharif followed by zero tillage for wheat during rabi stood first. However, direct dry seeding of rice followed by conventional tillage for wheat proved to be more remunerative as compared to the other treatments on the basis of net returns and specific energy.
 
Date 2016-12-06T16:01:43Z
2016-12-06T16:01:43Z
2006
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier 163 p.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/89313
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur