MANAGEMENT OF PIGEONPEA WILT [Fusarium udum Butler]
KrishiKosh
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Title |
MANAGEMENT OF PIGEONPEA WILT [Fusarium udum Butler]
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Creator |
MEHTA, ASHVINKUMAR N.
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Contributor |
CHAUHAN, H.L.
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Subject |
diseases, pigeonpeas, planting, fungi, biological phenomena, application methods, pathogens, land resources, sowing, biological development
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Description |
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important pulse (legume) crop in the Indian sub-continent. The crop has a greater significance in Indian agriculture, because of its multiple uses as rich source of protein food, feed, fodder, fuel and also sustaining agriculture productivity. More than 100 pathogens, viz., fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma and nematodes, are attacking the pigeonpea. Among these, the wilt of pigeonpea caused by Fusarium udum Butler is one of the main constraint in harvesting the economic crop yield in Gujarat. In spite of cultivation of wilt tolerant cultivars of pigeonpea (GT-100 and BDN-2), the incidence upto 30% have been reported from the major pigeonpea growing areas of Bharuch, Narmada and Vadodara districts of Gujarat. But very meagre information is available on pigeonpea wilt in Gujarat. Therefore, the present investigations were carried out as here under. The wilt of pigeonpea is caused by Fusarium udum Butler, had proved by repeated tissue isolation and by positive pathogenicity test of isolated pathogen from Bharuch, Gujarat. The incidence of wilt was ranged from 8.4% to 14.3%, phytophthora blight 2.0% to 7.6% and sterility mosaic disease 0.8% to 4.0% in major pigeonpea growing areas of Bharuch, Narmada and Vadodara districts of Gujarat. The pigeonpea plant is vulnerable for attack by wilt pathogen throughout its growth development. However, wilt damage is more after rainy season, at flowering and at poding stages. The wilt in the field is characterized by gradual or sometimes sudden yellowing, withering and drying of leaves, followed by the drying of the entire plant or some of its branches. If the stem and root are broken and splited, the black streak may be traced upto a height of several feet on the centre of stem. Among, the seven inoculation techniques, the sowing in wilt sick plot and soil inoculation are the most reliable and successful for screening large number of entries against wilt. The higher inoculum level (50 g/kg or more) in the soil was required to create high disease pressure. There was variation in virulence of the isolated pathogen, F. udum Butler, from Bharuch, Narmada and Vadodara districts because there is much variation observed in inducing wilt symptoms in susceptible (T-15-15) and resistant/tolerant (BDN-2) genotype. The Czapek’s Dox agar, Potato dextrose agar and Oat meal agar media are the best media for radial growth of mycelium, dry mycelial weight and sporulation of Fusarium udum. The garlic bulb (63.7%) extract is significantly superior to inhibit the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro followed by turmeric rhizome (58.5%) and neem leaves (44.2%). The antagonist viz., T. viride had significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium udum Butler and next in order is T. harzianum followed by A. niger. All the three concentrations of carbendazim, benomyl, hexaconazole and methyl ethyl mercury chloride inhibited the cent per cent growth of Fusarium udum upto 10 days. The propioconazole 1000 and 1500 ppm and copper oxychloride 3000 ppm also inhibited Fusarium udum Butler upto seven days. The per cent inhibition was decreased significantly with increase in period from 7 to 10 days, suggesting the breakdown or degradation of fungicide. The effective fungicides namely; carbendazim, benomyl, hexaconazole and methyl ethyl mercury chloride at three concentration tested and the higher concentration of thiram persists for a long period upto ten days. The seed treatment to pigeonpea with thiram (3 g/kg seed) prior to sowing and two drenching of carbendazim, benomyl and hexaconazole, first after 15 days of sowing and then at 15 days of first, had significantly reduced the per cent incidence of wilt and significantly increase the grain yield (kg/ha). Two drenching as above of T. harzianum had also significantly reduced per cent wilt incidence and increased grain yield (kg/ha) than control, but it was significantly lesser than above three fungicides tested. The artificial screening of pigeonpea entries revealed that BPWR-03-1, BPWR-03-2, BPWR-04-2, ICPL-87119 and SKNP- 0306 were found free from wilt during both years and SKNP-0207 and BDN-2 were found free from wilt during 2006-07. These entries were rated as resistant genotypes. The ICPL-87119 was free from sterility mosaic for both the years under natural field condition, while, ICPL-87119 x BP-9224, BDN-2 x BP-86108, T-15-15 x A-2, MS-288 x ICPL-87119 were free from sterility mosaic during 2004-05.The entries, namely; GT-101, SKNP-214, SKNP-040, SKNP-409 and BPWR-03-1 were found free against phytophthora blight in natural field condition. The significant contributions of these investigations are the reduction in wilt incidence by drenching of carbendazim, benomyl, hexaconazole and T. harzianum and identification of BPWR-03-1, BPWR-03-2, BPWR-04-2, ICPL-87119 and SKNP-0306 as resistant genotypes against wilt. |
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Date |
2016-03-08T12:14:48Z
2016-03-08T12:14:48Z 2008-03 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/64926
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
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