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MANAGEMENT OF PIGEONPEA WILT [Fusarium udum Butler]

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Title MANAGEMENT OF PIGEONPEA WILT [Fusarium udum Butler]
 
Creator MEHTA, ASHVINKUMAR N.
 
Contributor CHAUHAN, H.L.
 
Subject diseases, pigeonpeas, planting, fungi, biological phenomena, application methods, pathogens, land resources, sowing, biological development
 
Description Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important
pulse (legume) crop in the Indian sub-continent. The crop has a
greater significance in Indian agriculture, because of its multiple
uses as rich source of protein food, feed, fodder, fuel and also
sustaining agriculture productivity. More than 100 pathogens,
viz., fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma and nematodes, are
attacking the pigeonpea. Among these, the wilt of pigeonpea
caused by Fusarium udum Butler is one of the main constraint in
harvesting the economic crop yield in Gujarat. In spite of
cultivation of wilt tolerant cultivars of pigeonpea (GT-100 and
BDN-2), the incidence upto 30% have been reported from the
major pigeonpea growing areas of Bharuch, Narmada and
Vadodara districts of Gujarat. But very meagre information is
available on pigeonpea wilt in Gujarat. Therefore, the present
investigations were carried out as here under.
The wilt of pigeonpea is caused by Fusarium udum
Butler, had proved by repeated tissue isolation and by positive
pathogenicity test of isolated pathogen from Bharuch, Gujarat.
The incidence of wilt was ranged from 8.4% to 14.3%,
phytophthora blight 2.0% to 7.6% and sterility mosaic disease
0.8% to 4.0% in major pigeonpea growing areas of Bharuch,
Narmada and Vadodara districts of Gujarat. The pigeonpea plant
is vulnerable for attack by wilt pathogen throughout its growth
development. However, wilt damage is more after rainy season,
at flowering and at poding stages. The wilt in the field is
characterized by gradual or sometimes sudden yellowing,
withering and drying of leaves, followed by the drying of the
entire plant or some of its branches. If the stem and root are
broken and splited, the black streak may be traced upto a height
of several feet on the centre of stem.
Among, the seven inoculation techniques, the sowing
in wilt sick plot and soil inoculation are the most reliable and
successful for screening large number of entries against wilt. The
higher inoculum level (50 g/kg or more) in the soil was required
to create high disease pressure. There was variation in virulence
of the isolated pathogen, F. udum Butler, from Bharuch,
Narmada and Vadodara districts because there is much variation
observed in inducing wilt symptoms in susceptible (T-15-15) and
resistant/tolerant (BDN-2) genotype.
The Czapek’s Dox agar, Potato dextrose agar and Oat
meal agar media are the best media for radial growth of
mycelium, dry mycelial weight and sporulation of Fusarium
udum.
The garlic bulb (63.7%) extract is significantly superior
to inhibit the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro followed by
turmeric rhizome (58.5%) and neem leaves (44.2%). The
antagonist viz., T. viride had significantly inhibited the growth of
Fusarium udum Butler and next in order is T. harzianum followed
by A. niger.
All the three concentrations of carbendazim, benomyl,
hexaconazole and methyl ethyl mercury chloride inhibited the
cent per cent growth of Fusarium udum upto 10 days. The
propioconazole 1000 and 1500 ppm and copper oxychloride 3000
ppm also inhibited Fusarium udum Butler upto seven days. The
per cent inhibition was decreased significantly with increase in
period from 7 to 10 days, suggesting the breakdown or
degradation of fungicide. The effective fungicides namely;
carbendazim, benomyl, hexaconazole and methyl ethyl mercury
chloride at three concentration tested and the higher
concentration of thiram persists for a long period upto ten days.
The seed treatment to pigeonpea with thiram (3 g/kg
seed) prior to sowing and two drenching of carbendazim,
benomyl and hexaconazole, first after 15 days of sowing and
then at 15 days of first, had significantly reduced the per cent
incidence of wilt and significantly increase the grain yield
(kg/ha). Two drenching as above of T. harzianum had also
significantly reduced per cent wilt incidence and increased grain
yield (kg/ha) than control, but it was significantly lesser than
above three fungicides tested.
The artificial screening of pigeonpea entries revealed
that BPWR-03-1, BPWR-03-2, BPWR-04-2, ICPL-87119 and SKNP-
0306 were found free from wilt during both years and SKNP-0207
and BDN-2 were found free from wilt during 2006-07. These
entries were rated as resistant genotypes.
The ICPL-87119 was free from sterility mosaic for both the years
under natural field condition, while, ICPL-87119 x BP-9224,
BDN-2 x BP-86108, T-15-15 x A-2, MS-288 x ICPL-87119 were
free from sterility mosaic during 2004-05.The entries, namely;
GT-101, SKNP-214, SKNP-040, SKNP-409 and BPWR-03-1 were
found free against phytophthora blight in natural field condition.
The significant contributions of these investigations are
the reduction in wilt incidence by drenching of carbendazim,
benomyl, hexaconazole and T. harzianum and identification of
BPWR-03-1, BPWR-03-2, BPWR-04-2, ICPL-87119 and SKNP-0306 as
resistant genotypes against wilt.
 
Date 2016-03-08T12:14:48Z
2016-03-08T12:14:48Z
2008-03
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/64926
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari