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“DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH AND NEWER THERAPY IN COMPLICATED BABESIOSIS OF DOGS”

KrishiKosh

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Title “DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH AND NEWER THERAPY IN COMPLICATED BABESIOSIS OF DOGS”
 
Creator Shrivastava, Sonal
 
Contributor Shukla, Dr. P.C.
 
Subject Canine babesiosis
apicomplexan parasites
 
Description Canine babesiosis is caused by tick transmitted apicomplexan parasites of Babesia species, which parasitize erythrocytes. It primarily affects erythrocytes leading to progressive anemia, but can involve multiple organs. The disease is classified as uncomplicated if the clinical changes are attributed directly to hemolytic anemia, and complicated if the symptoms are not directly attributable to acute hemolysis. Hence, in view of the above facts the present study was planned to study the epidemiological pattern of prevalent hemoprotozoa of dogs in and around Jabalpur, to study the prognostic values of various hemato-biochemical alterations in uncomplicated and complicated babesiosis in dogs and to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of different anti-babesial drugs in dogs.
A total of 1680 dogs brought to the OPD Medicine (TVCC, College of Veterinary Science & A.H., Jabalpur), State Veterinary Hospital (Omti, Jabalpur), and private clinics of Jabalpur were examined during November 2012 to October 2013. After confirmation of Babesia sp. infection by microscopic examination of blood smear stained with Leishman’s stain, dogs were selected for the study. Age, sex, breed, history and clinical signs of each dog were recorded. For hemato-biochemical estimation 5 ml blood was collected from affected dogs pre treatment (0 day) and 10, 20 and 30 days post treatment and also from control group of animals. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, 60 dogs having complicated babesiosis were divided into 5 groups (T1–T5). Each treatment group comprised of twelve animals of which 4 were of hepatic complications, 4 of renal complications and 4 showing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The dogs in the groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were treated with Diminazene Aceturate (5 mg/kg, IM), Doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, BID) X 21 days, Clindamycin (25 mg/kg, PO, BID) + Doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, BID) X 21 days, Enrofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, BID) + Doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, BID) X 21 days and Metronidazole (10 mg/kg, PO, BID) + Doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, BID) X 21 days, respectively. Supportive therapy including administration of fluids and electrolytes (Inj. Ringers Lactate 20-50 ml/kg b.wt. IV and/or Inj DNS 5% 20-50 ml/kg b.wt. IV), corticosteroids (Inj. Dexamethasone 0.5-1 mg/kg b.wt. q12-24h IV), antacids (Inj. Ranitidine @0.5 mg/kg b.wt. BID I/M), antiemetics (Inj. Prochlorpromazene @ 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. BID I/M or Inj. Metoclopromide 0.2-0.5 mg/kg b.wt. BID IM) and diuretics (Inj. Furosemide 4 mg/kg b.wt. IV) were given according to the system involved and symptoms produced. Hematinics (containing Malt Extract I.P- 4.52, Calcium Gluconate I.P- 360 mg, Ferric Ammonium Cirtrate- 100 mg, Copper Suphate - 12mg, Cobalt Chloride 1.5 mg, Cholecalciferrol I.P- 400 IU, Nicrotinamide I.P- 45mg, Biotin B.P- 75 mg, Folic Acid I.P- 1.5 mg and Cyanocobalamin I.P- 15 mcg in each 21g @ 5-10 g daily PO for 30 days) and ectoparasiticidal drugs (Carbaryl 10% dusting powder or Amitraz 12.5% wash @ 2ml/litre of water) were given in all the treatment groups.
The overall prevalence of hemoprotozoa during November 2012 to October 2013 was 10.60 percent (178 out of 1680 dogs). The prevalence of Babesia sp. was 10.48 per cent i.e. 176 out of 1680 dogs, whereas Hepatozoon canis was reported in 2 dogs out of 1680 dogs showing 0.12 per cent prevalence. Out of 176 dogs positive for babesiosis 117 dogs (66.48%) fulfilled the criteria of complicated babesiosis while 59 dogs (33.52%) were suffering from uncomplicated babesiosis.
Based on estimation of hemato-biochemical parameters in uncomplicated babesiosis the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, bilirubin-total and blood glucose were reported to affect the outcome of the disease. In complicated babesiosis total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, platelet count, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin- total, total protein, creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and glucose significantly affected the prognosis of the disease.
The therapeutic study revealed that all the drugs under study could clear the babesia sp. infections from the affected dogs, however, based on the earlier clinical improvement, lowered degree of parasitemia and higher survival rate in group t3 clindamycin+doxycycline was considered as the most efficacious antibabesial therapy in the complicated babesiosis; followed by metronidazole+doxycycline, enrofloxacin+doxycycline, diminazene aceturate and doxycycline therapy. In the present study additive effects of combinations of the therapeutic agents have proved to be efficacious for the treatment of complicated canine babesiosis.
 
Date 2016-12-22T11:39:08Z
2016-12-22T11:39:08Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/92111
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur (M.P.)