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CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST YELLOW STEM BORER, Scirpophaga incertulas WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA:PYRALIDAE)

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Title CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST YELLOW STEM BORER, Scirpophaga incertulas WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA:PYRALIDAE)
 
Creator CHAVAN, SACHIN M.
 
Contributor PATEL, K.G.
 
Subject rice, biological interaction, developmental stages, planting, humus, animal developmental stages, eggs, area, biological phenomena, crops
 
Description Walker was carried out at Laboratory of Department of Entomology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry (ACHF), Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Navsari. The investigation on population dynamics, varietal screening and morphological variations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in relation to resistance against yellow stem borer (YSB) were carried out at NARP Farm, NAU, Navsari during kharif 2011 and 2012, whereas laboratory studies on biochemical aspect were conducted at Central Instrument Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The studies on the incidence of yellow stem borer at different geographical locations and in different planting methods were conducted at Waghai and Rambhas Farm of NAU, Navsari. The eggs were laid in compact egg masses of 2-3 and which varied in shape from oval, flattened and somewhat rectangular and covered with brownish silky hairs. The average length and width of egg mass was 7.60 ± 2.72 and 4.40 ± 0.84 mm, whereas it was 0.72 ± 0.04 mm and 0.44 ± 0.02 mm of individual egg. The incubation periods varied from 6 to 8 days with an average of 6.67 ± 0.72 and mean
ABSTRACT
hatching percentage of eggs were 90.12 ± 1.87. In laboratory, five larval instars were observed. The neonate larvae are grey with dark head. Second, third and fourth larval instars were creamy white with black head whereas, fifth instar was dirty white in colour. The average duration of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 2.47 ± 0.52, 3.67 ± 0.72, 5.07 ± 0.70, 6.47 ± 0.74 and 7.87 ± 0.64 days, respectively. The average total larval period was 25.53±1.68 days. The average length and width of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae were 1.95 ± 0.05 and 0.34 ± 0.01 mm, 5.96 ± 0.04 and 0.86 ± 0.01 mm, 10.05 ± 0.69 and 1.36 ± 0.02 mm, 14.38 ± 0.58 and 1.66 ± 0.03 mm, 18.26 ± 0.46 and 1.95 ± 0.05 mm, respectively. The pre-pupal duration was 1.27 days. The pupa was exarate type and pale in the beginning gradually turn darkish brown. The pupal period ranged from 6 to 8 days with an average of 7.27 ± 0.80 days. The male moth was smaller than the female with 8-9 small dark spots near the tip of the forewing. The female is straw coloured with conspicuous single black spot at center towards lower angle of each of the forewings and hindwings are pale straw coloured. The tip of the abdomen of female is covered with tufts of yellowish silken hairs forming a circle around a ventral opening. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were on an average of 1.47 ± 0.52, 1.60 ± 0.51 and 0.53 ± 0.52 days, respectively. The total lifespan of male and female yellow stem borer was 43.57 ± 2.26 and 47.34 ± 2.37 days, respectively. The YSB infestation commenced just after establishment of transplanted paddy seedlings and continued up to the harvest and found at all the crop growth stages. The maximum infestation (15.47% DH) was observed in first week of September [36th standard week and 45th days after transplanting (DAT)]. Whereas, minimum infestation
(0.64%) was noticed in second week of October (41th standard week or 84th DAT). The maximum, 19.23 per cent white earhead (WEH) damage was recorded during third week of October (90 DAT). The trend of infestation in relation to crop growth stage increased from seedling stage and reached to peak at tillering to booting stage (15.17%). At ripening stage, the dead heart infestation started declining, whereas infestation of WEH was initiated. The initiation of WEH damage commenced from flowering (2.25 %) and reached peak during early dough grain stage (19.23%). Finally, at mature grain stage, lowest per cent WEH’s (5.29 %) was observed. The maximum egg masses were found in fourth week of September (1.55/m2) till third week of October (1.80/m2). The egg masses in relation to crop growth stages revealed maximum egg masses in reproductive stage (1.09/m2) followed by ripening (1.03) and vegetative (0.63) stages. The population of adult in the field commenced from third week of July (30th standard week or 7 DAT). Moreover, maximum adult female population was observed in ripening stage (1.54/m2) followed by reproductive (1.43) and vegetative (0.63) stages. The dead heart infestation showed significant and positive correlation with minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning, evening and average); and also with rainfall. Whereas, the temperature (maximum and average) and sunshine exhibited significant negative correlation. The temperature (maximum and average) and sunshine exhibited significant positive correlation with WEH infestation. Whereas, minimum temperature, relative humidity (morning, evening and average), exhibited significant negative correlation with WEH infestation.
Out of 25 varieties none of the variety was found free from the infestation of S. incertulas. The varieties GAR 13 and IR 22, both showed resistant reaction (SES scale 1). The thirteen varieties viz., Narmada, NAUR 1, GR-6, GR-7, GR 12, GR-102, GR-103, Pawna, IR 28, IR-50, IR-66, PRH 10 and PR 116 showed moderately resistant reaction (SES scale 3). Whereas, the varieties GR 4, GR 10, GR-101, GR-104, Dandi, GR-5 and Gurjari showed moderately susceptible reaction (SES scale 5). GR 11 and GR 9 showed susceptible reaction (SES scale 7). The significantly higher infestation was recorded in highly susceptible variety, Jaya (SES scale 9). The DH and WEH exhibited direct relationship (significant positive correlation) with leaf width, flag leaf length, flag leaf area, number of leaves, and stem diameter indicating increase in damage with unit increase in their values and vice-versa, while their relationship was indirect (significant negative correlation) with plant height, flag leaf width, number of internodes and internode length indicating increase in infestation with every unit decrease in values of these characters and vice-versa. Remaining characters viz; leaf length, leaf area, number of productive tillers, length of panicle and culm length failed to have any significant impact on the yellow stem borer infestation. Thus, it may be concluded that rice varieties having long plant height with narrow leaf, minimum number of leaves, wide and short flag leaf, maximum number of internodes, higher internode length and lower stem diameter could be utilized in the breeding programme for developing new high yielding YSB resistant varieties. The higher proportion of nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll content in rice varieties which may lead to damage of the S. incertulas in the form of dead heart and white earhead damage (significant positive correlation). On the other hand, potassium, phenol and silica have
adverse impact (significant negative correlation) on pest infestation. Thus, rice varieties having lower nitrogen, chlorophyll and protein content with high phenolic compounds and silica content could be utilized in the breeding programme for developing YSB resistant varieties. The GAR 13 and IR 22 have been proved resistant or least susceptible and the varieties viz., IR 28, IR 50, IR 66, GR 6, GR 7, GR 12, Pawna, GR 102, GR 103, PR 116 and PRH 10 were moderately resistant on the basis of various morphological characters of the host plant viz; plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, culm length, panicle length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf area, internode numbers, internode length and stem diameter. Similarly, on the basis of biochemical characters, viz., nitrogen, protein, chlorophyll, phenol, potassium, and silica; GAR 13 and IR 22 have been found resistant or least susceptible to S. incertulas infestation. Thus, role of morphological characters and biochemical characters of rice varieties vis-a-vis YSB confirming non-preference and antibiosis type of host plant resistance, respectively. Considering the overall performance of different rice varieties to plant vigour, damage (dead heart and white earhead), ability to withstand pest attack and yield, the moderately susceptible varieties viz., Gurjari, GR 11, Dandi and GR 4 showed tolerant reaction against S. incertulas and thereby proved the tolerance mechanism of host plant resistance (HPR).
 
Date 2016-05-10T11:26:13Z
2016-05-10T11:26:13Z
2013-01
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65925
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University