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GENETIC STUDIES ON QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

KrishiKosh

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Title GENETIC STUDIES ON QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
 
Creator CHAMUNDESWARI, NARNE
 
Contributor RAJA REDDY, K
 
Subject crossing over, additives, rice, grain, yields, genes, genetics, heterosis, planting, biological phenomena
Oryza sativa L.
 
Description The present investigation on “Genetic Studies on Quality Traits in Rice
(Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute &
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru from Kharif 2008-09 to Rabi
2009-10 to study the genetic divergence among 64 rice genotypes, heterosis and
combining ability involving 7 parents and 21 F1s and six genetic components in
three crosses for 23 yield and quality characters.
Genetic divergence studies revealed that there was no parallelism between
geographic diversity and genetic diversity. The characters days to 50% flowering,
iron content, grain yield per plant, gel consistency, 1000 grain weight contributed
maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on D2 values, all 64 genotypes
were grouped into 8 clusters in which cluster I was the largest with 23 genotypes,
while cluster III was the smallest with one genotype. Based on genetic distance,
cluster means and per se performance, seven parents viz., BPT 5204, MTU 1010,
JGL 3844, NLR 34449, MTU 1081, MTU 1075 and JGL 13595 were selected for
use in hybridization.
The 21 crosses generated from seven parental diallel were used to study
heterosis and combining ability for 23 yield and quality traits. The estimates of
heterosis and heterobeltiosis were variable among crosses in desirable direction.
The highly heterotic cross combinations were MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 for earliness,
MTU 1010 / JGL 3844 for semi dwarfness, BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 for more tillers
and panicles, BPT 5204 / MTU 1075 for panicle length, JGL 3844 / MTU 1081 for
1000 grain weight and JGL 3844 / JGL 13595 and MTU 1010 / NLR 34449 for
grain yield per plant. For milling traits, BPT 5204 / NLR 34449, MTU 1081 / JGL
13595 and JGL 3844 / NLR 34449; for kernel length and kernel L/B ratio MTU
1010 / MTU 1081 were highly heterotic. The best heterotic hybrid for cooking
characters was BPT 5204 / JGL 3844. The crosses JGL 3844 / MTU 1081 and JGL
3844 / JGL 13595 were considered superior for chemical quality traits and BPT
5204 / MTU 1081, NLR 34449 / JGL 13595 for micronutrients.
The GCA/SCA variance indicated that all the characters were
predominantly governed by non additive gene action except for days to 50%
flowering, panicle length and 1000 grain weight. The parents identified as good
general combiners were MTU 1010, JGL 13595 and NLR 34449 for early
flowering, JGL 3844, MTU 1081 and BPT 5204 for short stature. The parent MTU
1075 was the best general combiner for more number of tillers and panicles, panicle
length, hulling, milling, head rice recovery, zinc content and grain yield per plant.
MTU 1010 was the best combiner for kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length
after cooking, volume expansion ratio and elongation ratio. Samba Mahsuri was
good general combiner for all chemical quality characters in addition to zinc
content. Multiple crossing among these parents is suggested to pool the genes in
improving rice grain quality in addition to grain yield.
The best specific cross combinations identified in the present investigation
were MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 (earliness), MTU 1010 / JGL 3844 (short stature),
BPT 5204 / NLR 34449 (number of tillers and panicles), BPT 5204 / MTU 1081
(panicle length), MTU 1010 / MTU 1075 (1000 grain weight), BPT 5204 / MTU
1075 (grain yield per plant). The cross BPT 5204 / MTU 1081 was identified as a
good specific cross for all milling traits and MTU 1010 / MTU 1081 was the best
for kernel length and kernel L/B ratio and BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 for kernel
breadth. For cooking characters the best specific crosses identified include BPT
5204 / JGL 3844 (kernel length after cooking), BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 (kernel
breadth after cooking), MTU 1010 / MTU 1075 (volume expansion ratio), MTU
1010 / MTU 1081 (water uptake) and BPT 5204 / NLR 34449 (kernel elongation
ratio). The best specific crosses for micro nutrients were NLR 34449 / JGL 13595,
BPT 5204 / MTU 1081. The above crosses had involved either low or high gca
parents. The crosses from high x high gca parents could be improved though
pedigree method of breeding, while the crosses from low x high parents could be
utilized in heterosis breeding.
The diallel design does not provide comprehensive picture on gene actions
governing the traits. Hence generation mean analysis was done in three crosses viz.,
BPT 5204 / MTU 1081, MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 and NLR 34449 / MTU 1075 to
know about epistatic interactions. Significance of scaling tests indicated presence of
epistatic interactions for all the traits under study. Though both additive and non
additive gene actions were significant, non additive gene actions played
predominant role in the inheritance of the traits. Majority of the characters were
under the influence of either complementary or duplicate epistasis besides additive
type of gene effects for which biparental mating system or reciprocal recurrent
selection may be employed to modify the genetic architecture of rice for getting
good quality besides high grain yield.
 
Date 2016-06-03T14:00:45Z
2016-06-03T14:00:45Z
2010-11
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66714
 
Language en
 
Relation D8974;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY