GENETIC STUDIES ON QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
KrishiKosh
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Title |
GENETIC STUDIES ON QUALITY TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
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Creator |
CHAMUNDESWARI, NARNE
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Contributor |
RAJA REDDY, K
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Subject |
crossing over, additives, rice, grain, yields, genes, genetics, heterosis, planting, biological phenomena
Oryza sativa L. |
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Description |
The present investigation on “Genetic Studies on Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out at Andhra Pradesh Rice Research Institute & Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru from Kharif 2008-09 to Rabi 2009-10 to study the genetic divergence among 64 rice genotypes, heterosis and combining ability involving 7 parents and 21 F1s and six genetic components in three crosses for 23 yield and quality characters. Genetic divergence studies revealed that there was no parallelism between geographic diversity and genetic diversity. The characters days to 50% flowering, iron content, grain yield per plant, gel consistency, 1000 grain weight contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. Based on D2 values, all 64 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters in which cluster I was the largest with 23 genotypes, while cluster III was the smallest with one genotype. Based on genetic distance, cluster means and per se performance, seven parents viz., BPT 5204, MTU 1010, JGL 3844, NLR 34449, MTU 1081, MTU 1075 and JGL 13595 were selected for use in hybridization. The 21 crosses generated from seven parental diallel were used to study heterosis and combining ability for 23 yield and quality traits. The estimates of heterosis and heterobeltiosis were variable among crosses in desirable direction. The highly heterotic cross combinations were MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 for earliness, MTU 1010 / JGL 3844 for semi dwarfness, BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 for more tillers and panicles, BPT 5204 / MTU 1075 for panicle length, JGL 3844 / MTU 1081 for 1000 grain weight and JGL 3844 / JGL 13595 and MTU 1010 / NLR 34449 for grain yield per plant. For milling traits, BPT 5204 / NLR 34449, MTU 1081 / JGL 13595 and JGL 3844 / NLR 34449; for kernel length and kernel L/B ratio MTU 1010 / MTU 1081 were highly heterotic. The best heterotic hybrid for cooking characters was BPT 5204 / JGL 3844. The crosses JGL 3844 / MTU 1081 and JGL 3844 / JGL 13595 were considered superior for chemical quality traits and BPT 5204 / MTU 1081, NLR 34449 / JGL 13595 for micronutrients. The GCA/SCA variance indicated that all the characters were predominantly governed by non additive gene action except for days to 50% flowering, panicle length and 1000 grain weight. The parents identified as good general combiners were MTU 1010, JGL 13595 and NLR 34449 for early flowering, JGL 3844, MTU 1081 and BPT 5204 for short stature. The parent MTU 1075 was the best general combiner for more number of tillers and panicles, panicle length, hulling, milling, head rice recovery, zinc content and grain yield per plant. MTU 1010 was the best combiner for kernel length, kernel L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking, volume expansion ratio and elongation ratio. Samba Mahsuri was good general combiner for all chemical quality characters in addition to zinc content. Multiple crossing among these parents is suggested to pool the genes in improving rice grain quality in addition to grain yield. The best specific cross combinations identified in the present investigation were MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 (earliness), MTU 1010 / JGL 3844 (short stature), BPT 5204 / NLR 34449 (number of tillers and panicles), BPT 5204 / MTU 1081 (panicle length), MTU 1010 / MTU 1075 (1000 grain weight), BPT 5204 / MTU 1075 (grain yield per plant). The cross BPT 5204 / MTU 1081 was identified as a good specific cross for all milling traits and MTU 1010 / MTU 1081 was the best for kernel length and kernel L/B ratio and BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 for kernel breadth. For cooking characters the best specific crosses identified include BPT 5204 / JGL 3844 (kernel length after cooking), BPT 5204 / JGL 13595 (kernel breadth after cooking), MTU 1010 / MTU 1075 (volume expansion ratio), MTU 1010 / MTU 1081 (water uptake) and BPT 5204 / NLR 34449 (kernel elongation ratio). The best specific crosses for micro nutrients were NLR 34449 / JGL 13595, BPT 5204 / MTU 1081. The above crosses had involved either low or high gca parents. The crosses from high x high gca parents could be improved though pedigree method of breeding, while the crosses from low x high parents could be utilized in heterosis breeding. The diallel design does not provide comprehensive picture on gene actions governing the traits. Hence generation mean analysis was done in three crosses viz., BPT 5204 / MTU 1081, MTU 1010 / JGL 13595 and NLR 34449 / MTU 1075 to know about epistatic interactions. Significance of scaling tests indicated presence of epistatic interactions for all the traits under study. Though both additive and non additive gene actions were significant, non additive gene actions played predominant role in the inheritance of the traits. Majority of the characters were under the influence of either complementary or duplicate epistasis besides additive type of gene effects for which biparental mating system or reciprocal recurrent selection may be employed to modify the genetic architecture of rice for getting good quality besides high grain yield. |
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Date |
2016-06-03T14:00:45Z
2016-06-03T14:00:45Z 2010-11 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66714
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D8974;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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