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Evaluation Of Endocrine Dermatoses In Dogs

KrishiKosh

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Title Evaluation Of Endocrine Dermatoses In Dogs
 
Creator Selvaraj, P
 
Contributor Srinivasan, S.R.
Manohar, B. Murali
Nagarajan, B
Raj, G. Dhinakar
 
Subject Canines
Endocrine Dermatoses
Diagnosis
Therapy
 
Description The clinical approach and management of endocrine alopecia remain a major challenge
for the veterinary practitioners. In this back drop, a study entitled “Evaluation of Endocrine
Dermatoses” was planned and conducted with the objectives of evaluating the incidence,
etiological pattern, dermatological and clinico-pathological changes of canine endocrine
dermatoses. The study consisted of 12 healthy dogs acting as controls and 185 cases of various
endocrine dermatoses, which were divided into five groups viz. Hypothyroid dermatoses,
Hyperadrenocorticism dermatoses, Sex hormone (Testicular tumor) dermatoses, combined
endocrine dermatoses and dwarfism related growth hormone deficiency dermatoses. The
parameters studied consisted of incidence analysis, medical history, dermatological findings,
physical examination findings, hemato-biochemical parameters (Hemoglobin, Total erythrocyte
count, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Total leucocyte count, Differential count, Cholesterol, ALP, ALT,
BUN, Creatinine, Glucose, Total protein and Albumin), Hormones (Total T4, Free T4, Cortisol ,
Testosterone and Growth Hormone) and dermato-histopathological findings.
The incidence of endocrine dermatoses was 1.45 percent of dermatology case loads of the
Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital. The most commonest endocrine dermatoses was
that of Hypothyroid (30.27%), followed by hyperadrenocorticism (24.86%), testicular tumor related
endocrine dermatoses (24.86%), a combined endocrine dermatoses (17.29%) and Dwarfismrelated growth hormone deficiency dermatoses (2.70%). Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism was
the commonest (18.91%) followed by iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism (5.94%). Non-descript dogs
were found to be affected commonly (20%) by hypothyroidism. Spitz (26.08%) and Dachshund
(21.73%) were found to be commonly affected with hyperadrenocorticism dermatoses. In case of
testicular tumor related endocrine dermatoses, non-descript dogs were commonly (33%) affected,
followed by Spitz (17%) and mixed breed dogs (15%). Majority of the endocrine dermatoses were
found in the age group of 7-10 years with the mean age at diagnosis of 8.13 years for
hypothyroidism and 9.48 years for hyperadrenocorticism.
Common dermatologic signs observed in hypothyroidism included symmetrical alopecia,
thin/sparse coat, dry, brittle hair, scale formation, rat tail, seborrhea and pyoderma. Similar signs
devoid of rat tail, with presence of hypotonic skin were observed in hyperadrenocorticism
dermatoses. Dermatological signs similar to hypothyroidism, devoid of rat tail with presence of
pendulous prepuce, testicular asymmetry and male feminization behaviour were noticed in
testicular tumor dermatoses. Varying degree of secondary dermatoses were observed in all the
groups of endocrine dermatoses. Pyoderma was the predominant secondary dermatoses in
hyperadrenocorticism dermatoses (80%).
Clinico-pathological changes such as normocytic normochromic anemia, leucocytosis,
hypercholesterolemia, elevated levels of ALP and ALT were found to be supportive for the
diagnosis of hypothyroid dermatoses. Similarly erythrocytosis, leucocytosis with neutrophilia and
monocytosis, hypercholesterolemia, elevated levels of ALP, ALT and blood glucose and a
significant reduction in BUN levels were found to be the consistent findings supportive for the
diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism dermatoses.
Treatment of dogs suffering from hypothyroid dermatoses with levothyroxine @ 0.02 mg/kg
BW resulted in regrowth of hair, reversal of dermatologic and physical signs. Castration of dogs
with testicular tumor related dermatoses resulted in near normal hair coat after 16 weeks.
Ketoconazole therapy @ 15 mg/kg BW resulted in relief of clinical signs and improvement in liver
function. However there was unsatisfactory dermatological recovery with Ketoconozole therapy.
 
Date 2016-05-30T10:18:48Z
2016-05-30T10:18:48Z
2008
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66441
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University