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PERFORMANCE, MAJOR NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT AND QUALITY OF SELECTED FORAGE CROPS RAISED THROUGH SEWAGE WATER

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Title PERFORMANCE, MAJOR NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT AND QUALITY OF SELECTED FORAGE CROPS RAISED THROUGH SEWAGE WATER
 
Creator SRINIVAS, B
 
Contributor SHANTI, M
 
Subject irrigation, liquid wastes, crops, harvesting, biological phenomena, concentrates, grasses, feed crops, lucerne, wastes
 
Description An investigation entitled ‘Performance, Major Nutrient Requirement and Quality of
Selected Forage Crops Raised through Sewage water’ is aimed at finding most suitable
forage crop, the quality of fodder produced and the N P K requirements under sewage
irrigation. An experiment was laid out at Live stock Research station, Rajendranagar and
four different perennial fodder crops viz; bajra napier hybrid (APBN-1), guinea grass (CO-
GG-3), para grass (local collection) and lucerne (CO-1) were grown. Sewage water of
Budwel village was used for crop production. Five variable doses of recommended NPK i.e,
0 NPK, 25% of recommended NPK-N1, 50% recommended NPK-N2, 75% recommended
NPK-N3 100% recommended NPK-N4 were imposed. Samples of soil were collected
initially before raising the experiment and after one year study, while plant samples were
collected at each cut.
Results indicated that pH, EC, SAR, RSC, magnitude of ions viz; CO32-, HCO3 -
1
,Cl1-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn composition of heavy metals like Cu, Fe and Pb of Budwel
sewage were found within the safe limits for irrigation while only Cr, Co, Ni, Cd were
found toxic limits for irrigation. Initial soil was neutral in reaction, non-saline, low in N and
high in available P2O5 and K2O. Results also indicated that magnitude of all micro and
heavy metals were within safe limits.
Among the four crops studied, para grass yielded five cuts with a green fodder yield
of 154.1 t ha-1 in a period of 10 months of study which is significantly highest among all
crops. Other crops viz., APBN-1, guinea, and lucerne produced green fodder yields of
99.53, 100.4 and 45.4 t ha-1, respectively. The establishment percent was also highest in
para grass i.e., 92 percent better than all other crops studied. The dry fodder yields too were
significantly highest in para grass (23.12 t ha-1) followed by APBN-1 and guinea. The
crude protein percent of lucerne was significantly highest ranging between 26.49 to 27.7 %
over all cuts. The average crude protein of the grasses was in following order, bajra napier
hybrid (9.6%) > para grass (9.11%) > guinea grass (7.36%). The mean crude fibre percent
of bajra napier hybrid (26.39%) and guinea grass (28.17%) is significantly higher than that
of para grass (20.38%) and lucerne (9.90%). Nevertheless the effect of sewage irrigation
was not observed in quality parameters. The concentration of N, P and K and micronutrients
were found within the optimum range in fodder crops. In Lucerne as the crop aged the Ni
concentration increased reaching a high of 2.37 mg kg-1 in fourth cut which is marginally
toxic. Among micronutrients the total uptake values followed the order Fe (1349.2 g ha-1) >
Mn (505.4 g ha-1) > Cu (78.3 g ha-1) Zn (20.87 g ha-1) while the uptake of heavy metals
followed order Cr (77.29 g ha-1) > Pb (46.45 g ha-1) > Ni (20.45 g ha-1) > Cd (12.96 g ha-1)
= Co (12.66 g ha-1).
The different doses of NPK revealed that, for good establishment and higher GFY in
the early months of crop application of 75% RDF is sufficient rather than the 100% RDF.
However, the uptake of all nutrients was high, in most of the cases significantly, in 100%
NPK. Hence it could be recommended to continue applying 100% RDF for a few more
years as crop removal of NPK and micronutrients is also very high owing to perennial
nature of the crops. The requirement of these doses could be once again reviewed after a
few years of crop production under sewage waters.
It is also interesting to observe that these four crops exhibited preferential
accumulation of these four heavy metals. Guinea grass had high affinity towards
accumulation of chromium, para grass accumulated comparatively higher doses of cobalt,
copper and manganese; lucerne accumulated highest concentration of Ni and Fe while Cd
and Pb accumulation was highest in APBN-1. Though fortunately most of these metal
concentrations did not cross the toxic limits, the Ni concentration in lucerne in the fourth
cut was slightly above toxic limit of > 2 mg kg-1. It is important to understand that soil Ni
status also had risen by 4.7 %. These slight increases in Ni concentration though in small
installments may invariably lead to Ni accumulation in plants as well as soil beyond toxic
limits over a period of time. The accumulation of Fe and Cd in soil was also alarming with
more than 200 % and 186% increase in magnitude, respectively by end of one year study.
 
Date 2016-06-14T09:47:01Z
2016-06-14T09:47:01Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67309
 
Language en
 
Relation D9114;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY