PERFORMANCE, MAJOR NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT AND QUALITY OF SELECTED FORAGE CROPS RAISED THROUGH SEWAGE WATER
KrishiKosh
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Title |
PERFORMANCE, MAJOR NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT AND QUALITY OF SELECTED FORAGE CROPS RAISED THROUGH SEWAGE WATER
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Creator |
SRINIVAS, B
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Contributor |
SHANTI, M
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Subject |
irrigation, liquid wastes, crops, harvesting, biological phenomena, concentrates, grasses, feed crops, lucerne, wastes
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Description |
An investigation entitled ‘Performance, Major Nutrient Requirement and Quality of Selected Forage Crops Raised through Sewage water’ is aimed at finding most suitable forage crop, the quality of fodder produced and the N P K requirements under sewage irrigation. An experiment was laid out at Live stock Research station, Rajendranagar and four different perennial fodder crops viz; bajra napier hybrid (APBN-1), guinea grass (CO- GG-3), para grass (local collection) and lucerne (CO-1) were grown. Sewage water of Budwel village was used for crop production. Five variable doses of recommended NPK i.e, 0 NPK, 25% of recommended NPK-N1, 50% recommended NPK-N2, 75% recommended NPK-N3 100% recommended NPK-N4 were imposed. Samples of soil were collected initially before raising the experiment and after one year study, while plant samples were collected at each cut. Results indicated that pH, EC, SAR, RSC, magnitude of ions viz; CO32-, HCO3 - 1 ,Cl1-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn composition of heavy metals like Cu, Fe and Pb of Budwel sewage were found within the safe limits for irrigation while only Cr, Co, Ni, Cd were found toxic limits for irrigation. Initial soil was neutral in reaction, non-saline, low in N and high in available P2O5 and K2O. Results also indicated that magnitude of all micro and heavy metals were within safe limits. Among the four crops studied, para grass yielded five cuts with a green fodder yield of 154.1 t ha-1 in a period of 10 months of study which is significantly highest among all crops. Other crops viz., APBN-1, guinea, and lucerne produced green fodder yields of 99.53, 100.4 and 45.4 t ha-1, respectively. The establishment percent was also highest in para grass i.e., 92 percent better than all other crops studied. The dry fodder yields too were significantly highest in para grass (23.12 t ha-1) followed by APBN-1 and guinea. The crude protein percent of lucerne was significantly highest ranging between 26.49 to 27.7 % over all cuts. The average crude protein of the grasses was in following order, bajra napier hybrid (9.6%) > para grass (9.11%) > guinea grass (7.36%). The mean crude fibre percent of bajra napier hybrid (26.39%) and guinea grass (28.17%) is significantly higher than that of para grass (20.38%) and lucerne (9.90%). Nevertheless the effect of sewage irrigation was not observed in quality parameters. The concentration of N, P and K and micronutrients were found within the optimum range in fodder crops. In Lucerne as the crop aged the Ni concentration increased reaching a high of 2.37 mg kg-1 in fourth cut which is marginally toxic. Among micronutrients the total uptake values followed the order Fe (1349.2 g ha-1) > Mn (505.4 g ha-1) > Cu (78.3 g ha-1) Zn (20.87 g ha-1) while the uptake of heavy metals followed order Cr (77.29 g ha-1) > Pb (46.45 g ha-1) > Ni (20.45 g ha-1) > Cd (12.96 g ha-1) = Co (12.66 g ha-1). The different doses of NPK revealed that, for good establishment and higher GFY in the early months of crop application of 75% RDF is sufficient rather than the 100% RDF. However, the uptake of all nutrients was high, in most of the cases significantly, in 100% NPK. Hence it could be recommended to continue applying 100% RDF for a few more years as crop removal of NPK and micronutrients is also very high owing to perennial nature of the crops. The requirement of these doses could be once again reviewed after a few years of crop production under sewage waters. It is also interesting to observe that these four crops exhibited preferential accumulation of these four heavy metals. Guinea grass had high affinity towards accumulation of chromium, para grass accumulated comparatively higher doses of cobalt, copper and manganese; lucerne accumulated highest concentration of Ni and Fe while Cd and Pb accumulation was highest in APBN-1. Though fortunately most of these metal concentrations did not cross the toxic limits, the Ni concentration in lucerne in the fourth cut was slightly above toxic limit of > 2 mg kg-1. It is important to understand that soil Ni status also had risen by 4.7 %. These slight increases in Ni concentration though in small installments may invariably lead to Ni accumulation in plants as well as soil beyond toxic limits over a period of time. The accumulation of Fe and Cd in soil was also alarming with more than 200 % and 186% increase in magnitude, respectively by end of one year study. |
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Date |
2016-06-14T09:47:01Z
2016-06-14T09:47:01Z 2012 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67309
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D9114;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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