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PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTENT AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SELECTED WHOLE AND PROCESSED FOOD GRAINS GROWN IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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Title PESTICIDE RESIDUE CONTENT AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF SELECTED WHOLE AND PROCESSED FOOD GRAINS GROWN IN CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Creator DIVYA, K
 
Contributor UMA MAHESWARI, K
 
Subject pesticides, grain, sampling, maize, selection, biological phenomena, pesticide residues, crops, chromatography, cereals
PESTICIDE, FOOD GRAINS, TELANGANA
pesticides, grain, sampling, maize, selection, biological phenomena, pesticide residues, crops, chromatography, cereals
 
Description The use of pesticides has become inevitable in agriculture due to diverse
reasons. Farmers are compelled to administer pesticides owing to the affluence of
pests, eventually affecting the yield and quality of crops grown. This certainly
affects the economy of farmer and the nation as a whole. Consequently, there is
excessive use of pesticides to combat the issues. Pesticide usage is age old and over
the decades, there have been various alterations in the pattern of usage owing to
surged awareness.
Therefore, the current investigation was undertaken to estimate pesticide
residues in selected food grains grown in the Central Telangana Zone (Warangal,
Medak and Khammam) of Andhra Pradesh. The crops selected for the study were
jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram. The recommended package of practices of
pesticide usage by the farmers was studied using structured questionnaire
specifically developed for the study.
The selected food samples were analyzed for nutritional quality (standard
procedure given by AOAC) and pesticide residue content in two forms i.e. whole
and processed forms. The nutritional parameters analyzed were moisture, protein,
fat, ash, fibre and carbohydrate. The pesticide residues analyzed were
monocrotophos, acephate, chloropyrifos, quinalphos, carbofuran and endosulfan
(Sharma 2007).
The results revealed most of the farmers (40.0%) were illiterates, followed
by 28% studied up to 1st to 5 th class, 20.0% studied up to 6th and 10th class, 9.0%
studied up to intermediate and only 3.3% were with degree qualification. Besides
agriculture farmers were exploring ancillary occupation such as horticulture (10
.0%), poultry (14.0%) and dairy (69.0%).
Major crops grown by the farmers in the area during kharif season were
maize (60%), jowar (32.0%), blackgram (16.0%) and bengalgram (10.0%). The
major crops grown during rabi season were maize (34.0%), jowar (36.0%) ,
blackgram (29.0%) and bengalgram (10.0%). Fifty to seventy percent of the farmers
were getting the yield per acre as recommended by Central Telangana Zone,
Warangal. Maximum percent of the farmers (50 -60 %) were applying the pesticides
more than the recommended level for various crops.
Pre processing techniques adopted by the farmers were dehulling for
blackgram, bengalgram and jowar, popping for maize, germination technique for
jowar and bengalgram and flour making process for all the four samples. The post
processing techniques adopted by the farmers were washing and soaking for
blackgram, bengalgram and jowar, roasting for maize and bengalgram and boiling
for maize and bengalgram.
The moisture content of whole and processed jowar was 10.21% and 10.60%
respectively. It was 10.34g % and 10. 80 g% for whole and processed maize
respectively. The whole and processed blackgram contained 9.65 g% and 10.60 g %
moisture respectively. The moisture content was 7.65 g% and 8.50 g% in whole and
processed bengalgram.
The protein content was 8.88 g%, 7.77 g%, 21.82 g% and 21.48 g% in whole
jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 8.95 g%, 8.17
g%, 23.88 g% and 23.41 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram
respectively.
The fat content was 1.70 g% and 1.87 g% in whole and processed jowar. The
whole and processed maize contained 1.25 g% and 1.51 g% of fat respectively. The fat
content was 0.98 g% and 1.64 g% in whole and processed blackgram. It was 3.97 g%
and 4.30 g% for whole and processed bengalgram respectively.
The ash content of whole and processed jowar was 1.50 mg% and 1.65 mg%
respectively. It was 1.30 mg% and 1.64 mg% for whole and processed maize
respectively. The whole and processed blackgram contained 3.69 mg% and 4.30 mg%
ash respectively. The ash content was 3.09 mg% and 3.78 mg% in whole and processed
bengalgram.
The fibre content was 1.30 g%, 2.68 g%, 2.81g% and 2.68 g% in whole jowar,
maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 0.95 g%, 1.97 g%, 0.78
g% and 1.85 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively.
The carbohydrate content was 76.66 g%, 76.63 g%, 57.86 g% and 61.13 g% in
whole jowar, maize, blackgram and bengalgram respectively. The same was 75.96 g%,
75.89 g%, 56.78 g% and 58.14 g% in processed jowar, maize, blackgram and
bengalgram respectively.
Statistically significant difference at 5% level was observed with regard to all
the nutrients analysed between the whole and the processed samples, except protein in
jowar and maize, fat and ash in jowar and carbohydrate in jowar, maize and blackgram.
The pesticide residues analyzed in selected whole and processed food grains
were below the detection limits (BDL). Residues of pesticides are relatively less
likely to persist in cereals and pulses than in vegetables or fruits. The amounts of
residues thus, detected are low to negligible. This perhaps was due to the fact that
cereals and pulses contained low moisture content, thus not enabling pesticide
residues to persist.
Farmers in the zone experienced many health implications as a consequence
of unsafe handling and application of pesticides, due to lack of knowledge .There is
a need to educate the farmers about ill health effects of not taking proper precautions
during the application of pesticides and to avoid the minor and major health
aliments.
Most of the pre and post processing techniques adopted by the farmers such as
drying, dehulling, decortication and milling etc., may result in ultimately below
detectable levels of pesticide residues in whole and processed food grains indicating the
safety of use of food grains produced by the farmers by applying monocrotophos,
endosulfan, acephate, quinalphos, chloripyriphos and acephate pesticides at the point of
study.
 
Date 2016-06-01T14:28:12Z
2016-06-01T14:28:12Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66554
 
Language en
 
Relation D8928;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY