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EVALUATION OF PRE-RELEASE GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GENOTYPES FOR HIGH WATER USE EFFICIENCY, TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE AND ROOT MINING TRAITS

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Title EVALUATION OF PRE-RELEASE GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) GENOTYPES FOR HIGH WATER USE EFFICIENCY, TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE AND ROOT MINING TRAITS
 
Creator PRANUSHA PULIVENDULA
 
Contributor RAJA RAJESWARI, V
 
Subject genotypes, groundnuts, planting, irrigation, yields, vegetative propagation, drying, crops, weather hazards, biological development
Arachis hypogaea L.),
 
Description Two field experiments were conducted under rainfed conditions to
study the “Evaluation of pre-release groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
genotypes for high water use efficiency, temperature tolerance and root
mining traits” at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati in a
Randomized Block Design with 15 genotypes during kharif, 2010.
An experiment was taken up on a specially constructed raised platform
soil beds (15m x 2m x 1.8 m) to study root mining abilities of groundnut
genotypes. Another field experiment was conducted to evaluate 15 groundnut
(Spanish bunch) genotypes for morphological, physiological, water use
efficiency, thermotolerance characters in different phenophases of crop
growth.
The present investigation revealed sufficient genotypic variability
among the pre-release and released genotypes for root traits, water use
efficiency and thermotolerance. This indicates clearly that these traits can be
used to evaluate groundnut (Spanish bunch) genotypes for respective
characters. The root mining traits viz., root length, root dry weight, root
volume and root-shoot ratio varied significantly among the genotypes.
Significant and positive correlations were observed between root length and
shoot dry weight and root dry weight with shoot dry weight. Among the
genotypes tested, TCGS-1071 and TCGS-1073 recorded higher root mining
abilities.
Among the morphological traits studied, TCGS-1070 recorded higher
early vigour and early flowering, which are good traits, for drought escapism.
However, the genotype did not show yield advantage. Based on the plant
height, the pre-release genotypes can be classified into three groups i.e., long
statured (TCGS-1075, TCGS-991, TCGS-1043 and TCGS-1073), moderate
statured (TCGS-1070 and TCGS-1045) and short statured (TCGS-1014,
TCGS-969, TCGS-1076, TCGS-894 and TCGS-1071).
The pre-release genotypes TCGS-991, TCGS-969, TCGS-1043 and
TCGS-894 recorded higher photosynthetic rates with low transpiration rates,
thereby recording higher total dry matter accumulation and other growth
parameters viz., LAI, LAD, NAR and CGR. The study revealed positive
correlations among leaf area, leaf dry weight and total plant dry matter.
Similarly, LAI recorded positive correlation with CGR.
Among the two surrogate methods used for evaluating WUE of the
groundnut genotypes, SLA established negative correlation with pod yield. In
contrast, SCMR showed positive correlation with pod yield. However, a
negative correlation was observed between SLA and SCMR indicating the
importance of unit amount of chlorophyll content per unit leaf area. The
genotypes TCGS-991, TCGS-969, TCGS-1043 and TCGS-894 recorded low
SLA and high SCMR and thus were found to be of high WUE types. It is
imperative to note that above genotypes have also maintained cell membrane
integrity and high photosystem II activity when exposed to high temperatures
(520C) and revealed their intrinsic abilities to tolerate high temperatures.
The genotypes varied significantly in yield and yield components.
TCGS-991 and TCGS-1043 recorded significantly higher pod yields and
shelling percentage with lower Harvest Index. The genotypes TCGS-969
recorded significantly higher pod yield as well as Harvest Index than best
checks. Among various drought tolerant traits used, SCMR and
photosynthetic rates recorded positive correlation with yield and in contrast
SLA showed negative correlation. No other drought tolerant trait showed
association with any of the yield components.
In conclusion, TCGS-1071 can be exploited in breeding programmes
for high root mining abilities. The cultivars, TCGS-969, TCGS-991, TCGS-1043
and TCGS-894 with high WUE, thermotolerance and moderate root mining
abilities can be exploited either as donor source in breeding programmes or
may be promoted for multi-location testing under rainfed conditions for
making recommendation.
 
Date 2016-06-02T11:10:05Z
2016-06-02T11:10:05Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66619
 
Language en
 
Relation D8952;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY