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Development Of Nutraceutical Whey Based Malt Food Using Probiotics

KrishiKosh

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Title Development Of Nutraceutical Whey Based Malt Food Using Probiotics
 
Creator Narayanan, Rita
 
Contributor Subramonian, B. Suresh
Nareshkumar, C.
Raj, G. Dhinakar
Pughazhenthi, T.R.
 
Description The present study was conducted to isolate and identify bifidobacterial species
with probiotic properties from the faeces of breast fed infants and its
incorporation in the preparation of a nutraceutical whey based malt food.
Identification of isolates to the genus was based on phenotypic characteristics like
the unique pleomorphic morphology and carbohydrate fermentation profile. All
the isolates were nitrate reductase negative, did not form indol, did not have
urease activity and did not liquefy gelatin which were specific to the genus
Bifidobacterium. Molecular tools like 16S rDNA targeted genus and species
specific mPCR primers were used for confirmation. A total of 4 isolates (of 3
species) were identified namely B. longum (IB10 and IB12) B. breve (IB39) and
B.bifidum (IB42). Subsequently the nucleotide sequences of the identified species
were submitted to the GenBank for acquisition of accession number. The
accession number assigned for the isolates were JN 656706 and JN 656707 for
B.longum (IB10) and B.longum (IB12) respectively; JN 656708 for B.breve (IB39) and
JN 656705 for B.bifidum (IB42). The identified species were screened for probiotic
properties like bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity and tolerance to acidity. The
isolates IB10, IB12, IB39 and IB42 showed a survival rate of 84.81 ± 1.321, 84.34 ±
1.052, 84.32 ± 0.565 and 84.52 ± 0.360 respectively with 1 per cent bile. All the four
isolates showed more than 80 per cent viability in the presence of 0.4, 0.8 and 1
per cent of bile salt which complied with the work of Jaya Prasad et al. (1999) for
confirming them as probiotics. Isolate B.longum (IB10) showed maximum
antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (zi 3.03 ± 0.019 mm) , Staphylococcus
aureus (zi 3.00 ± 0.031 mm), Escherichia coli (zi 2.98 ± 0.043 mm) and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (zi 3.03 ± 0.051 mm) in the cell free supernatant. Isolates IB12, IB39 and
IB42 did not show any inhibitory activity against E.coli. All the four bifidobacterial
isolates showed more than 80 per cent viability at pH 3. B.longum (IB10) was the
ideal probiotic when compared to other isolates as it had maximum antimicrobial
activity and tolerance to bile and acidity.
Prebiotics like inulin and honey at 0.4 at 3 per cent respectively were
adjudged as the optimum level for exerting maximum prebiotic activity on all the
four bifidobacterial isolates. Malted Eleusine coracana (Ragi/finger millet) was
used for the formulation of weaning food using whey as a base. Inoculums of 5
per cent bifidobacterial species in 9 per cent of malted ragi milk showed
optimum probiotic count at 4 hours incubation. HPLC chromatogram revealed a
gradual decrease in the peak of whey protein fractions like alpha-lactalbumin
and beta- lactoglobulin due to the culture activity of B.longum during
fermentation.
Among all the isolates B.longum (IB10) showed maximum viable count and was
incorporated into the formulated mix and spray dried. The optimum spray dried
inlet and outlet temperature was standardized at 170°C and 70°C respectively
after assessing the viability and moisture content. The viability of the isolate
B.longum (IB10) before and after spray drying was 9.80 ± 0.014 and 8.926 ± 0.017
(cfu/g) respectively and the estimated moisture content at the same temperature
was 4.85 ± 0.022 per cent. The sensory parameters of spray dried nutraceutical
malt food showed enhanced flavour over control. The physical properties of the
spray dried nutraceutical malt food were 0.29 ± 0.003 g/l for loose bulk density,
0.40 ± 0.003 g/l for packed bulk density, 4.00 ± 0.051 ml for insoluble index , 0.33
± 0.003 for water activity, 23.10 ± 0.002 for cohesion index and 83.31 ± 0.002 g
for caking strength.
The protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy content in the nutraceutical
powder were 23.35 ± 0.115 g/100g, 3.22 ± 0.110 g/100g, 56.63 ± 0.065g/100g and
385.50± 0.114 kcal/100g respectively. The vitamin A and C content were 122.2 ±
0.026 I.U./100 g and 0.5± 0.023 mg/100g respectively. The Calcium, iron,
magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc and manganese content in the
nutraceutical powder were 507 ± 0.033mg/100g, 73 ± 0.045mg/kg, 164 ± 0.016
mg/100g, 246 ± 0.543 mg/100g, 586 ± 0.029 mg/100g, 4.28 ± 0.023 mg/kg, 13.47
± 0.174mg/kg and 10.54 ± 0.029 mg/100g respectively.
The study also assessed the maintenance of probiotic count of B.longum
(IB10) during storage at 4°C and 37°C. The probiotic count progressively declined
over time with storage and the rate of decline was below the recommended
probiotic count after 84 days in samples stored at 37°C. However, samples stored
at 4°C maintained its probiotic level of 10^6 cfu/g till 133 days of storage.
The influence of feeding 5 grams of the spray dried nutraceutical
malt food containing B.longum at 5 X 10^7 cfu/g per day on animal production ,
gut health and gut architecture in young weaned piglets was also investigated.
The probiotic regime had positive effects on the health of piglet when compared
to the control group. The mean weight of the pigs on spray dried nutraceutical
malt food containing B.longum (BMW) and pigs fed control basal diet was 55.00 ±
2.363 kg and 38.88 ± 0.631 kg respectively on the 70th day.
A highly significant difference (P≤0.01) was noticed in the reduction of
faecal coliform counts between control and experimental groups from 28th day
till 70th day (slaughter). There was a significant two log reduction in the coliform
count in the nutraceutical fed piglets than the control. Reisolation of B.longum
from the faeces of experimental fed piglets showed similar homology based on
BOX PCR when compared to B.longum in spray dried nutraceutical malt food.
Haematological studies showed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between
piglets fed spray dried nutraceutical malt food containing B.longum (BMW) and
control basal diet. There was a significant difference in the RBC count from 45th
day. The experimental group (BMW) showed an increase in RBC count of 7.55 ±
0.243 million/cmm) when compared to 6.14 ± 0.299 in the control group. The
mean haemoglobin value in g/dL of control and experimental groups were 11.43
± 0.149 and 12.12 ± 0.244 respectively on the 70th day (slaughter).
However, there was no significant difference in WBC count and serum
parameters like total protein and albumin. But there was a significant reduction
in the serum cholesterol and triglycerides in experimental group when compared
to control group from the 30th day of feeding the nutraceutical powder.
Morphometric studies revealed a significant difference in the villus height in the
duodenum, jejunum and ileum in BMW fed pigs from the control fed pigs. The
approximate cost of production for 120g of nutraceutical whey malt food with
probiotic was Rs. 107.50.
 
Date 2016-05-23T14:31:22Z
2016-05-23T14:31:22Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66226
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University