Record Details

INDUCTION OF ALLELOCHEMICAL TOLERANCE AND INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN RICE BROWN PLANTHOPPER, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) BY XENOBIOTICS.

KrishiKosh

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title INDUCTION OF ALLELOCHEMICAL TOLERANCE AND INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN RICE BROWN PLANTHOPPER, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) BY XENOBIOTICS.
 
Creator NANTHAKUMAR, M
 
Contributor SHASHI BHUSHAN, V
 
Subject planting, rice, enzymes, biological phenomena, pesticides, insecticides, animal developmental stages, sowing, amino acids, nitrogen
 
Description The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) is a serious threat to
the rice production throughout Asia. BPH can cause heavy infestations, complete
drying and plant death, a condition known as hopper burn and also acts as a vector for
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus and Rice Ragged Stunt Virus. The indiscriminate application
of various xenobiotics in rice eco-system is perceived as one of the factors for the
frequent outbreaks of BPH. Hence, a concerted study on the effect of various
chemicals such as insecticides, fungicides, botanicals and fertilizers on the plant
resistance and BPH hormesis is essential for their optimal use in rice eco-system
without compromising yield and to develop a sustainable IPM programme for BPH.
In the present study a few representative chemicals / botanicals from herbicide,
fungicide, insecticide, fertilizer and soil amendments were selected and their effect on
innate BPH resistance of three rice varieties, hormesis of BPH and induction of its
carboxylesterase titer was studied. Different xenobiotics were used in this experiment,
viz., insecticides deltamethrin, imidacloprid, herbicide 2,4-D, fungicide carbendazim,
green manure Calotropis leaves, botanicals Neem Seed Powder and fertilizer urea
which were applied to the TN1, PTB 33 and Swarna varieties comprising 15
treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice. The observations on population
build up, direct toxicity of xenobiotics on BPH, feeding rate of BPH, susceptibility of
BPH reared on xenobiotics treated plants to imidacloprid, qualitative and quantitative
changes in biochemical constituents such as sucrose, amino acids, phenols and C/N
ratio in the rice plant treated with different xenobiotis, qualitative and quantitative
changes in carboxylesterase titer in BPH upon different xenobiotics were recorded.
The second generation BPH nymphs emerged from the TN1 variety (244.3
nymphs) were significantly higher (18.4 fold) than the resistant PTB 33 (13.3
nymphs) and the commercially grown Swarna variety (191.0 nymphs; 1.3 fold). The
PTB 33 plants treated with 2,4-D or carbendazim or deltamethrin or their combined
applications as well as excessive urea (T13) recorded significantly more nymphal
population over untreated PTB 33 plants.
The feeding rate of BPH on resistant PTB 33 variety recorded significantly
lower honeydew excretion (13 mm2 areas) than that on TN1 and Swarna varieties
(116 and 110 mm2 respectively). Excessive honeydew excretion was recorded due to
increased feeding by BPH on PTB 33 plants treated with high dose of nitrogenous
fertilizer, urea (T13) (47.0 mm2) and sprays with 2,4-D plus carbendazim (74.3 mm2)
and deltamethrin (65.6 mm2). However, the honeydew excretion in BPH adults was
significantly increased due to feeding on PTB 33 plants treated with 2,4-D,
carbendazim or their combined application with deltamethrin, whereas it was
decreased with the treatment of imidacloprid and soil amendment with neem seed
powder (19.0 and 16.3 mm2) as compared to the untreated control plants.
Present study critically analysed the sub lethal and secondary effects of
representative xenobiotics intended for different purposes in rice field on certain plant
and insect parameters that promote outbreak of BPH. Application of 2,4-D,
carbendazim, deltamethrin and urea reduced the innate BPH resistance of PTB 33 rice
variety due to favourable alterations in free amino acid and sucrose content and led to
enhanced feeding and population build up in BPH. Soil amendment with neem seed
powder and Calotropis leaves improved the plant innate resistance to the BPH and at
the same time did not enhance the feeding and reproductive capacity of BPH. In
addition, deltamethrin stimulated BPH carboxylesterase titer. Native PAGE analysis
of esterases from whole body homogenate of BPH revealed at least five esterase
isozyme bands, prominent being E1 and E2. However, no difference in esterase
banding pattern was observed between treatments. All these esterase bands are
classified under carboxylesterase based on their inhibition by class specific esterase
inhibitors.
 
Date 2016-06-07T14:15:03Z
2016-06-07T14:15:03Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66945
 
Language en
 
Relation D9078;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY