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SOIL EROSION ESTIMATION OF GODAVARI BASIN USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) TECHNIQUES

KrishiKosh

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Title SOIL EROSION ESTIMATION OF GODAVARI BASIN USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) TECHNIQUES
 
Creator SRINIVASA RAO, K
 
Contributor CHANDRA MOULI, G
 
Subject soil degradation, land resources, surface water, land management, area, fruits, irrigation, precipitation, sediment, biological phenomena
SOIL EROSION, GODAVARI BASIN, REMOTE SENSING, GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS , GIS
 
Description Soil erosion is universally recognized as serious threat to land resources.
Scientifically, the main attributor to land degradation is soil erosion by runoff water. Soil
erosion by water is a major problem in mountainous areas with steep slopes. Inappropriate
land use in these areas is likely to accelerate water erosion entailing soil loss and land
fertility decline. In this study, Godavari River basin from Manchierial to Polavaram has
been selected as study area. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have become valuable
tools specially when assessing erosion at larger scales due to the amount of data needed and
the greater area coverage. The images of Landsat-4 with Thematic Mapper (TM) and
Landsat-7 with Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) has been downloaded from
online archive of Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF), and subset to our study area. Seven
classes are identified to prepare land use land cover map using supervised classification.
From 1992 to 2007, mixed vegetation, dense forest, habitats, agriculture land increased to
79454.88 (4.5%), 45732.73 (2.59%), 29461.15 ha (1.67%), 25255.83 ha (1.43%), and, sand
and water bodies are slightly increased to 6395.61 ha (0.36%), and 5301.9 ha (0.30%)
respectively. On the other hand barren rock decreased 191602.09 ha (10.84%). Runoff has
been estimated using Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method in HEC-HMS
platform. The predicted runoff data has been compared with Central Water Commission
(CWC) data at Polavaram gauging site and calculated error functions for accuracy
assessment. The value of Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ranged from 0.785 to 0.938, it indicates
that the model is perfect. The value of index of agreement ranged from 0.962 to 0.987. The
value of index of agreement reached to 1 indicates that the model is in agreement. The
percentage deviation in peak varies from 20.56% to 36.59% which suggested that model
predicted good discharge at gauging site.
Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model has been used for soil erosion
estimation. Rainfall erosivity factor (R) is determined using mean annual rainfall. Soil
erodibility factor (K) obtained from soils present in the study area. Slope length factor (L)
and slope steepness factor (S) have been derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
map. The cover or cropping management factor has been calculated from Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map and Conservation practices factor is assumed as
1. All these factors are substituted in USLE and the soil erosion is finally estimated. And
also estimated the Sediment Yield (SY) and compared with CWC data at Polavaram
gauging site. The average soil loss and sediment yield estimated around the Godavari River
are 4.34 and 23.22 t ha-1 year-1 respectively. This information would be useful for design of
reservoirs, conservation structures and others in Godavari Basin.
 
Date 2016-06-07T14:41:42Z
2016-06-07T14:41:42Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66965
 
Language en
 
Relation ;D9251
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY