STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL ASPECT OF FACTITIOUS HOST Corcyra cephalonica (STAINTON) AND PARASITIZATION POTENTIAL OF EGG PARASITOID Trichogramma chilonis (ISHII) UNDER SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITIONS
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Title |
STUDIES ON NUTRITIONAL ASPECT OF FACTITIOUS HOST Corcyra cephalonica (STAINTON) AND PARASITIZATION POTENTIAL OF EGG PARASITOID Trichogramma chilonis (ISHII) UNDER SOUTH GUJARAT CONDITIONS
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Creator |
MEHENDALE, SHEKHAR K.
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Contributor |
PATEL, M.B.
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Subject |
eggs, developmental stages, biological interaction, sorghum, yeasts, research methods, parasites, biological phenomena, insecticides, sexual reproduction
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Description |
Investigation on ?Nutritional aspect of factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) and parasitization potential of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) under South Gujarat conditions? was undertaken at Bio-control laboratory, Department of Agril. Entomology, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari, Navsari Agricultural University during June 2007 to March 2008. Suitability of rearing media in view to improve the mass production of C. cephalonica revealed three promising media viz., T3 (sorghum + groundnut + powdered yeast ), T4 (sorghum + gram + powdered yeast ) and T6 (sorghum + cowpea + powdered yeast ) with heavier larvae in T3 (53.33 mg), T4 (52.50 mg) and T6 (54.50 mg) where all were at par. Heavier pupae recorded in T4 (34.67 mg), T6 (34.17 mg) and T3 (33.17 mg), heavier female moths emerged in T3 (39.33 mg), T4 (34.83 mg) and T6 (34.0 mg), maximum total moths recorded in T3 (523.84), T4 (476.34) and T6 (470.0), maximum total female moths noticed in T3 (266.17), T6 (251.50) and T4 (243.34), maximum fecundity recorded in females emerged from T3 (611.54), T4 (494.28) and T6 (481.08), maximum projected egg laying from the females emerged from T3 (8.14 cc), T6 (6.10 cc) and T4 (6.01 cc) , maximum 100-egg weight of the females emerged from T4 (3.73 mg), T6 (3.70 mg), Maximum egg length and width of eggs obtained from females emerged from T4 (0.70 and 0.40 mm), T6 (0.62 and 0.39 mm) and T3 (0.56 and 0.35 mm), respectively. However no much effect on the life cycle of C. cephalonica through modification of rearing media was noticed but female influenced sex ratio was noticed in T3 (1:0.97), T4 (1:0.96) and T6 (1:0.87) Effect of Corcyra eggs obtained from females emerged from different media on T. chilonis performance realized that highest per cent egg parasitization was recorded in T3 (94.70 %), T4 (92.65 %) and T6 (90.48 %). Maximum no of parasitoids recovered from total parasitized eggs were in T3 (94.76), T4 (92.24) and T6 (89.75), maximum per cent female emergence from eggs of Corcyra obtained from females emerged from media T6 (80.55%), T4 (79.71%) and T3 (69.505%). Sex ratio revealed female preponderance in T6 (1:4.06), T4 (1:3.94) and T3 (1:2.28). Female parasitoid longevity was the maximum from eggs of Corcyra females emerged from T3 (4.47 days), T6 (4.33 days) and T4 (4.30 days). Effect of adult nutrition on performance of T. chilonis revealed that maximum per cent egg parasitization was recorded in females fed on Castor pollens (92.75 %), Corcyra egg extract (91.0 %) and milk powder solution 10 per cent (89.57 %). Female and male parasitoid longevity was the maximum in sucrose 10 per cent (5.73 and 3.53 days), respectively. Sex ratio after adult emergence from Corcyra eggs parasitized by parasitoid female fed on Corcyra egg extract was (1:1.71) followed by milk powder 10 per cent solution (1:1.60) and maximum per cent females from Corcyra eggs parasitized by parasitoid female fed on Corcyra egg extract (62.96 %) followed by milk powder 10 per cent solution (61.38 %). Effect of different colour trichocards on the performance of T. chilonis revealed that for mass production of the parasitoid in the laboratory trichocard of green colour was most suitable based on results of free choice open light condition. Effect of host egg age on the performance of T. chilonis revealed that egg age from 0 to 1 to 24 to 25 h old were highly preferred for parasitization with maximum female recovery in egg age 0 to 1 to 18 to 19 h old. Parasitization potential of the emerged female from different egg age was maximum in 0 to 1 to 18 to 19 h old where the emerged females could retained their parasitization potential up to 3 days with a range of 88 to 70 per cent. Studies on insecticide safeties to T. chilonis realized that no insecticide was totally safe in contact toxicity study however; the ranking allotted indicated that novaluron 10 EC 0.0075 per cent was slightly harmful (Rank 2) while emmamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.001 per cent and endosulfan 35 EC 0.075 per cent were moderately harmful (Rank 3) while remaining all were totally harmful (Rank 4). Insecticide safeties to egg parasitization revealed that based on the ranking, imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.005 per cent, acetamiprid 20 SP 0.004 per cent, acephate 75 SP 0.1 per, emmamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.001 per cent and novaluron 10 EC 0.0075 as harmless (Score 1= < 30 % reduction in egg parasitization over control), triazophos 40 EC 0.05 per cent and cypermethrin 25 EC 0.005 per cent as moderately harmful (Score 3 = 80-99 % reduction in egg parasitization over control) while, fenobucarb 50 EC 0.1 per cent and endosulfan 35 EC 0.075 per cent, the only harmful ( Score 4 = >99 % reduction in egg parasitization over control ). Effect of insecticides on adult emergence revealed that based on the ranking given no insecticide was found safe to developing adult Trichogramma inside the egg. Insecticides like triazophos 40 EC 0.05 per cent, acetamiprid 20 SP 0.004 per cent, acephate 75 SP 0.1 per, emmamectin benzoate 5 SG 0.001 per cent, novaluron 10 EC 0.0075 per cent and endosulfan 35 EC 0.075 per cent were slightly harmful (Score 2 = 30-79 % reduction), imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.005 per cent as moderately toxic (Score 3= 80-99% reduction) and fenobucarb 50 EC 0.1 per cent as the most toxic one (Score 4 = >99 % reduction). Results of the suitability of host eggs for mass production of T. chilonis revealed that the parasitoid could effectively reared on eggs of Earias vittella (Fab.) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.) as these two hosts supported higher egg parasitization and parasitization potential of the emerged female back on the eggs of C. cephalonica. Host searching ability of T. chilonis in different crops under field condition revealed that carrot (73.15 %); castor (72.19 %) and mustard (71.93 %) supported the highest per cent Corcyra egg parasitization. However, it failed to search host in gram and Indian bean. Effect of cold storage at 150C temperature for varying period on already parasitized egg cards, 4 days after parasit ization revealed that parasitized trichocards after 4 days of parasitization can effectively be stored upto 30 days without much effect on adult emergence. |
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Date |
2016-03-10T13:43:34Z
2016-03-10T13:43:34Z 2009-01 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65040
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari
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