Biodiversity of flea beetles in different agro-ecological zones of Kashmir
KrishiKosh
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Title |
Biodiversity of flea beetles in different agro-ecological zones of Kashmir
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Creator |
Rather, Bashir Ahmad
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Contributor |
Mir, G.M.
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Subject |
Diversity, flea beetles, cruciferous vegetables, Phyllotreta striolata, infestation, severity and population dynamics
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Description |
Standard survey of flea beetles in different crops with special reference to cruciferous vegetables was undertaken during 2012 and 2013 in different agroecological regions of Kashmir viz., Southern zone (Anantnag, Kulgam and Pulwama), Central zone (Budgam, Ganderbal and Srinagar) and Northern zone (Baramulla, Bandipora and Kupwara). Twenty seven sites with three from each district were selected for the study to determine the current status of flea beetle damage. The results revealed that the cruciferous crops recorded moderate to severe infestation during their entire growing season. Thetwo cruciferous crops which were selected for the studies include the abundantly grown Kale (Brassica oleraceae L. var. acephala) and Turnip (Brassica rapaL.). The infestation was recorded at two phenological stages i.e. cotyledonary and true leaf stage which revealed highest infestation at former as compared to latter, irrespective of locations and zones. The seasonal activity of the pest started in the secondfortnight of March and continued up to October. The results revealed that a total of four flea beetle species were recorded on these crops which include Psylliodes tenebrosus Jacoby, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), another different Psylliodes sp. Indet. 1 and Altica himensis Shukla. Phyllotreta striolata was observed the most predominant species accounting for 57.88 per cent on kale and 78.68 per cent on turnip during the entire growing season. The pooled data of two year study revealed the highest mean per cent infestation, severity, number of flea beetle catches/sweep on turnip as compared on kale irrespective of different locations, districtsand zones. The infestation recorded on kale revealed that district Anantnag and Kupwararecorded the highest (34.00%) and the lowest (18.71%) mean infestation at cotyledonary stage and also at true leaf stage with highest (18.39%) and lowest (8.49%) infestation, respectively. Average number of flea beetle catches per sweep was also observed highest in district 8 Anantnag (4.56 beetles/sweep) and lowest in district Kupwara (2.12 beetles/sweep). The mean percent infestation, severity and number of flea beetle catches/sweep vary significantly from April to October among all the three zones during both the years of study. The Southern zone recorded highest mean infestation, severity and average number of beetle catches/sweep followed by Central and Northern zones, however, the extent of damage recorded was higher during 2012 as compared to 2013. In case of turnip, the highest (70.11%) infestation was recorded in district Anantnag and lowest (59.58%) in Srinagar followed by 60.50 % in Kupwara district. The highest severity (30.04 %) of foliage damage on kale was recorded in district Anantnag and lowest (18.56 %) in Kupwara district. Similarly, in turnip the highest severity of foliage damage (58.84%) was recorded in district Kulgam and the lowest (47.22%) in Srinagar district. During the entire growing season of two years a total of 10982 numbers of flea beetles were collected on the kale.The order of relative abundance was observed as Phyllotreta striolata > Psylliodes tenebrosus > Altica himensis > Psylliodes sp. Indet.1 in all the three zones. The values of diversity index varied from 1.04 to 1.10, evenness index from 0.75 to 0.79and richness index from 1.46 to 1.70 amongst all the districts during 2012 while for 2013 values of diversity, evenness and richness indices ranged from 1.01 to 1.17, 0.72 to 0.84 and 1.63 to 1.95 respectively, depicting that the diversity indices varied evenly amongst the selected sites. Similarly a total of 5761 specimens of flea beetles were collected on the turnip crop during 2012 and 2013. The relative abundance of different flea beetle species observed was comparatively similar in all zones. The order of relative abundance was observed as Phyllotreta striolata > Altica himensis > Psylliodes tenebrosus. The values of diversity indices varied from 0.62 to 0.74, evenness index from 0.57 to 0.68 and richness index from 0.49 to 0.53 amongst all the zones. Solanaceous vegetables like potato, brinjal and capscicum observed less than 10% infestation during their entire growing season and a different species of Psylliodes sp. Indet. 2 was recorded along with Altica himensison these crops. The other cruciferous crops like cabbage, cauliflower and Knolkhol were equallysusceptible to the flea beetle infestation as kale during cotyledonary stage as compared to true leaf stage. Visual observations revealed that Altica himensisinhabit certain weeds viz., Rumex sps and Impatienes glandulifera during the growing season and then shift and attack apple, apricot and grapes thereby causing severe defoliation. Thus, flea beetles are significant pests of cruciferous crops and cause damage to them throughout their growing season. Their damage is also an alarming concern on different crops and thus needs further studies to determine action threshold and sound management strategies, to devise an IPM module for the pest |
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Date |
2016-08-19T10:26:09Z
2016-08-19T10:26:09Z 2015 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/72945
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
SKUAST
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