Study on dairy husbandry practices in surat district of South Gujarat
KrishiKosh
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Title |
Study on dairy husbandry practices in surat district of South Gujarat
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Creator |
Sabapara, Ghanshyam Prabhulal
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Contributor |
Fulsoundar, A.B.
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Subject |
livestock, economic systems, animal husbandry, concentrates, area, diseases, biological phenomena, breeds (animals), marketing, productivity
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Description |
A survey of Surat district was conducted during March, 2013 to January, 2014 to collect the information on the dairy animal management practices followed by the dairy animal owners to fulfill the objectives of study. Out of 9 talukas in the Surat district, 5 talukas were randomly selected and from each selected taluka five villages having functional primary milk producers’ cooperative societies were selected at random. From each village twelve dairy animal owners were randomly selected for filling the questionnaire related to the study. The analysis revealed that 43.67 percent of the respondents belonged to middle age group and 63.00 percent of the respondents were educated up to primary or above. More than 70.00 and 82.00 percent had medium level of extension contact and mass media exposure, respectively. Majority (68.33 percent) of the respondents had big and nuclear family (58.33 percent). Most ofthe respondents had membership in one organization, 36.00 percent were marginal farmers, 61.67 percent respondents followed mixed farming system in which agriculture + dairying is main source of income, having small herd size of less than 5 animals (57.34 percent), 27.00 percent respondents had only crossbred cows and 23.00 percent respondents had only buffaloes. The majority (56.33 percent) respondents kept their animals in pucca houses, whereas 54.33 percent kept in close type house and 88.67 percent animal sheds were nearby their dwellings. Majority (72.67 percent) ofthe animal sheds were in east-west direction and 87.67 percent of the respondents followed single line system of housing. Majority of the animal houses had inadequate size and floor space. 51.67 percent respondents had earthen floors, 64.33 percent had slope in floor towards back, 33.67 percent had thatched roofs, only 36.33 percent had puccadrainage facilities and 94.00 percent had single slope roof sheds. Majority (66.00 percent) of the respondents provided mangers but only 33.33 percent had puccatype mangers. Majority (58.33 percent) of the respondents were aware of protecting their animals against inclement weather conditions. All farmers (100.00 percent) adopted individual feeding system to their dairy animals and majority of respondents (84.67 percent) followed stall feeding system while, only 18.33 percent of the respondents followed stall feeding as well as grazing system. Majority of the respondents (67.00 percent)cultivated green fodder crops and 64.33 and 99.00 percent respondents fed green non-leguminous and shedha grass to their milking animals, respectively. Paddy straw was major ingredient (75.00 percent) used as dry fodder. Sixty eight percent of respondents fed homemade + mpound cattle feed as concentrate to their milking animals, based on milk production (62.67 percent), mainly after milking (57.67 percent). Majority (65.00 percent) of the respondents fed concentrate to their animals after soaking in water while, 35.00 percent of respondents fed concentrates as such. Majority of respondents (95.00 percent) practiced to feed green / dry fodders as such to their dairy animals. Majority of the respondents (52.33 percent) did not fed concentrates to their young calves while, majority (72.00 percent) of the respondents fed concentrates to their heifers. Majority of the respondents (76.00 percent) practiced to feed concentrates to their advanced pregnant heifers and majority of the respondents (72.67 percent) followed special feeding after calving. Majority (58.33 percent) of the respondents provided mineral supplements to their dairy animals whereas, 88.67 percent respondents did not provide extra salt to their dairy animals. 46.00 percent of respondents provided water to their milking animals three times in a day and source of water was hand pump (56.67 percent) followed by bore well (43.33 percent). All the respondents detected heat in their animals by observing the symptom of bellowing and mucus discharge (84.67 percent) and bred their animals by artificial insemination (89.67 percent) between 12-18 hours after heat detection (95.67 percent). The 40.33 percent respondents bred their animals after 2 to 3 months of calving and 89.33 percent respondents followed the pregnancy diagnosis but majority (59.67 percent) did it either from Livestock Inspectors or Artificial Insemination workers during three months of pregnancy. Majority (54.00 percent) of the respondents followed treatment of oestrous/repeaters in their dairy animals and only 7.67 percent of the respondents kept the breeding records of their dairy animals. All the respondents washed their hands before milking and cleaned teats and udder by splashing of water and milked their animals at same place twice in a day by adopting wet hand (87.33 percent) and knuckling (80.67 percent) methods of milking. Majority (69.00 percent) of the respondents followed stripping at the end of milking and all the respondents didn’t wipe the udder and teats just after milking. Majority (60.00 percent) of the respondents allowed calves for suckling before milking and 79.67 percent of the respondents offered concentrates and did teat manipulation, while 20.33 percent of the respondents used oxytocin injection if the animals do not let down milk after the death of calf. Majority (98.33 percent) of the respondents did not follow teat dipping after milking and none of the respondents followed testing for mastitis in their dairy animals. The 54.00 and 46.00 percent respondents adopted practice of drying off their dairy animals for lessthan two months and two months / more time before calving, respectively. Majority of the respondents (99.33 percent) didn’t follow sealing of teat canal at the end of lactation. Majority (95.67 percent) of respondents sold their milk to village dairy co-operative society. Majority of the respondents (96.33 percent) practiced regular vaccination to their animals against Foot and Mouth disease and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia disease. Majority (50.00 percent) of the respondents practiced deworming of their dairy animals regularly and also followed various practices (dusting, spraying and injectable drugs) for control of ecto–parasites (63.00 percent) and cleaned sheds (66.00 percent) while, 34.00 percent respondents did not give more attention towards sanitary condition of animal sheds. Majority (78.00 percent) of the respondents informed that they got treatment to their sick dairy animals by livestock inspectors whereas, only 22.00 percent did so by qualified veterinarians. Majority (93.67 percent) of the respondents washed the animal’s hind quarters after drop of placenta while, 6.33 percent of the respondents did not follow this practice. The 88.67 percent respondents kept diseased animals together with healthy ones while, remaining 11.33 percent of the respondents kept these two categories of animals separately. Majority of the respondents (95.33 percent) attended calving and cleaned the calves soon after parturition. Majority (96.33 percent) of respondents did not practice ligation, cutting and disinfection of the naval cord and it was left to fall off itself naturally. Majority (97.00 percent) of the respondents followed practice of feeding colostrum to new born calves but only 34.00 percentof the respondents fed colostrum to new born calves within one hour of birth. Majority of the (58.67 percent) respondents followed weaning practice at the age ofthree months, while, only 6.33, 2.67 and 9.00 percent of the respondents followed weaning practice at the age of two months, one month and 0-3 days, respectively. Only 2.67 percent of the respondents provided calf starter, while 97.33 percent of the respondents did not provid calf starter to the calves. Majority of the (82.33 percent) respondents provided green fodder from two months followed by 11.67 and only 6.00 percent of the respondents started giving green fodders from three months and one month afterbirth, respectively. Only 17.00 percent of respondents practiced castration of male calves, while 83.00 percent of respondents did not follow this practice. About 49.00 percent of the respondents gave anthelmetics to the calves regularly followed by occasionally (40.67 percent) and no medication (10.66 percent) to control the endoparasites. Knowledge about improved dairy husbandry practices is pre-requisite for adoption of them. The distribution of respondents according to their overall knowledge in improved dairy husbandry practices revealed that 68.34 percent of the respondents had medium level of knowledge, whereas 18.33 and 13.33 percent respondents had low and high level of knowledge, respectively. Regarding knowledge index of different aspects of improved dairy husbandry practices, maximum extent of knowledge was in breeding (71.33 percent) followed by health care (55.92 percent), general management (49.21 percent) and feeding (42.46 percent). Overall knowledge index of improved dairy husbandry practices was 54.73 percent. Six variables like education, caste, land holding, animal holding size, extension contact and mass media exposure were positive significantly correlated with knowledge, while vocational diversification was significantly negatively correlated with knowledge regarding improved animal husbandry practices. Four variables like age, family size, family type and social participation were observed non-significantly correlated with knowledge regarding improved animal husbandry practices. Majority (75.34 percent) of the respondents belonged to medium level of overall adoption regarding improved dairy husbandrypractices. The respondents had maximum adoption index in the aspects of breeding (64.98 percent) followed by health care (51.55 percent), calf rearing (50.85 percent), milking (50.60 percent), housing (44.97 percent) and feeding (40.90 percent). Overall adoption index of improved dairy husbandry practices was 50.64 percent. Seven ariables like education, caste, land holding, animal holding size, extension contact, mass media exposure and knowledge were positively significantly correlated with adoption, while vocational diversification was negatively significant with adoption regarding improved animal husbandry practices. Four variables like age, family type, family size and social participation were observed non-significant. The main constraints for providing good sheds for animals were high construction cost (94.00 percent) and lack of own capital (64.00 percent), whereas for feeding practices were high cost of feed (97.33 percent), non- availability of green fodder round the year (85.33 percent), lack of awareness about treatment of poor quality straw to improve its nutritive value .67percent), lack of knowledge about silage preparation (64.00 percent), lack of knowledge of balanced ration (63.00 percent) and inadequate knowledge for cultivation of fodder crops round the year (62.00 percent). The repeat breeding (88.67 percent), low genetic potential of local animals (71.33 percent) and low conception rate through A.I. (68.67 percent) were main constraints of breeding, while a non-remunerative prices for milk (93.67 percent), high production cost of milk (92.67 percent) and lack of knowledge in clean milk production (71.33 percent) were main onstraints of milking. The respondents had high cost of veterinary medicine (78.67 percent), problem of mastitis in dairy animals (71.33 percent) and inadequate knowledge of diseases and their control (67.33 percent) as the main constraints of health care practices. |
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Date |
2016-05-18T12:26:49Z
2016-05-18T12:26:49Z 2014 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66068
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
NAU
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