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Individual And Combined Effect Of Aflatoxin And T-2 Toxin And Their Interaction With Pasteurella Multocida In Turkey Poults

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Title Individual And Combined Effect Of Aflatoxin And T-2 Toxin And Their Interaction With Pasteurella Multocida In Turkey Poults
 
Creator Jayanthi, N.
 
Contributor Manohar, B. Murali
Balachandran, C.
Rao, Ganne Venkata Sudhakar
Raj, G. Dhinakar
 
Subject AF
T-2 toxin
Turkey poult
Growth
Serum biochemistry
Liver lipid peroxidation
Pathology
Pasteurella multocida interaction
 
Description The individual and combined effects of AF (100 ppb) and T-2 toxin (1 ppm)
were studied in turkey poults by feeding the toxins from 0 to 13 weeks of age. There
was significant reduction in the body weight gain in the toxin fed groups compared to
the control. Significant reduction in PCV, Hb and TEC values, hypoproteinaemia,
hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinaemia, hypoglycaemia, increased serum AST, ALT,
ALP, lipase, uric acid, creatinine, hypocalcaemia and hypophosphotaemia were
observed in the toxin fed birds.
The lipid profile revealed hypotriglyceridaemia, hypocholesterolaemia,
decreased HDL, LDL and VLDL in the toxin fed birds. Increased liver lipid
peroxidation, decreased GSH, GPx, SOD and CAT levels and increased GST level
were observed in the toxin fed groups. The HI titre to NDV and lymphocyte SI were
decreased in the toxin treated groups. Relative spleen weights were decreased in the
toxin fed groups.
Grossly, AF fed birds showed enlarged yellowish discoloured liver in AF and
T-2 toxicities, oral and hepatic lesions in T-2 fed group and shrunken pale yellow
liver in combined group at 13th week. The AF-T-2 treated birds were poor in
condition.
Microscopically, the toxin fed birds revealed mild diffuse vacuolar
degeneration of hepatocytes, biliary hyperplasia, catarrhal cholangitis, periportal
mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration, megalocytosis, periductal fibrosis,
microgranuloma and adenomatous areas in the liver, mild renal tubular epithelial cell
degeneration, shortening and fusion of proventriculus villi, focal necrosis, catarrhal
changes of mucosal epithelium and degeneration of crypts. The gizzard showed
distension of glands, reduced secretion, hyperplastic changes, mild interglandular
fibroplasia with focal cystic changes. The bursa of Fabricius revealed medullary
oedema, cortico-medullary lymphoid cell depletion, medullary lymphoid necrosis,
glandular transformation, reticulum cell hyperplasia and fibroplasia. The spleen
revealed mild to moderate depletion of lymphoid cells, lymphocytolysis, heterophilic
infiltration and reticulum cell hyperplasia. The thymus revealed starry sky
appearance in the cortex. The caecal tonsils revealed mild to moderate lymphoid cell
depletion in the follicles and in diffuse lymphoid tissue. The Harderian gland showed
mild plasma cell depletion. Pancreas revealed mild acinar cell degeneration.
Diphtheritic glossitis with bacterial colonies was observed in T-2 intoxication.
In the Pasteurella multocida – mycotoxin interaction studies, significant
decrease in the ELISA titre to Pasteurella multocida in turkey poults was observed in
mycotoxin treated groups. Three hours after challenge, all the poults except
vaccinated control birds were depressed and showed respiratory signs and cyanosis.
Mortality of the poults started 7 hours post challenge which followed till 22 hours.
One bird in the vaccinated control died. Grossly, all visceral organs revealed
congestion and serosal haemorrhages in the duodenum, congestion, oedema and
haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs. Petechial haemorrhages in pericardium of the
heart, enlargement of liver and spleen, multiple small necrotic foci in the liver and
spleen were also observed. The histopathological changes included serofibrinous
pneumonia, necrotic hepatitis, splenitis, while bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and
caecal tonsils revealed lymphoid cell depletion in almost all the groups.
Conclusions:
The study revealed that lower levels of AF (100 ppb) and T-2 (1 ppm) could
affect the performance and health of turkey poults. The toxin predisposed even the
vaccinated birds to pasteurellosis and caused 100 per cent mortality on challenge.
 
Date 2016-05-23T13:09:13Z
2016-05-23T13:09:13Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66216
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University