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MODELLING OF CLIMATE INDUCED WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION

KrishiKosh

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Title MODELLING OF CLIMATE INDUCED WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT OF GROUNDWATER IRRIGATION
Ph.D.
 
Creator PATLE, GHANSHYAM TIKARAM
 
Contributor Singh, D. K.
 
Subject irrigation, water, climate, groundwater table, crops, climatic change, precipitation, area, carbon, rice
 
Description Groundwater irrigation and energy have made significant contributions in
increasing agriculture production and achieving food security in India. At the same time
over exploitation of groundwater in many blocks of the country has caused decline in
water levels. This is leading to increase in energy consumption and associated CO2
emissions. Situation might deteriorate further in event of climate change and its
anticipated impact on water resources. This study was under taken to analyse the climate
variability and groundwater level fluctuation trends, to model the climate induced water
level fluctuations, and to assess the carbon foot print of groundwater irrigation in Karnal
district of Haryana for suggesting appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing carbon
foot print of groundwater irrigation. Results showed that the mean daily minimum and
mean daily temperature increased by 0.02 oC/yr and 0.01 oC/yr, respectively. Mean daily
maximum temperature remained constant over the period as indicated by the Sen’s
slope. Mean daily relative humidity and wind speed increased by 0.11 % per year and
0.57 km/yr during 1981-2011. During 1981-2011, mean daily sunshine hours and
reference evapotranspiration decreased by 0.06 h/yr and 0.01mm/yr, respectively.
Groundwater levels declined significantly during 1974 to 2010. Sen’s slope estimator
showed that the average rates of water table decline during pre-monsoon and posmonsoon
season were 0.23 m/yr and 0.27 m/yr, respectively. There was rapid decline in
water level during 2001- 2010 compared to the earlier decades. Based on the model fit
statistics and Ljung-Box Q statistics, ARIMA (0, 1, 2) model was identified as the
appropriate model for time series modelling and prediction of pre and post-monsoon
groundwater levels. Predictions showed that the pre and post-monsoon groundwater
levels in 2050 would decline by 12.97 m and 12.00 m over the observed water level in
2010, and reach to a level of 29.95 m and 28.14 m below ground surface. The average
rate of decline of pre and post-monsoon groundwater level in the district during this
xi
period would be 0.32 and 0.30 m/yr, respectively. Modelling results showed that the
cumulative recharge would decrease under climate change scenarios based on rise in
temperature only. However, it would increase under the scenarios in which rise in
temperature was associated with significant rise in rainfall or rise in temperature was
associated with increase in relative humidity and decrease in duration of sunshine hours.
Results also indicated that the effect of climate change on cumulative recharge was
much more pronounced in sugarcane fields than the rice. Groundwater recharge would
increase by 0.25 m over the baseline recharge under the scenario based on ARIMA
predictions which considered the effect of all climatic parameters. However, under the
scenarios based on INCCA and IPCC predictions which considered only rise in
temperature, groundwater recharge would reduce by 0.06 to 0.07 m and 0.16 to 0.22 m,
respectively. Rise in temperature by 3.5oC and 4.3oC along with 9% and 16% increase in
rainfall over the base year would increase the recharge by 0.09 m and 0.14 m,
respectively. Study revealed that the carbon foot print of groundwater irrigation for
baseline scenario was highest for sugarcane (93.15 kgCO2/ha/m) followed by rice (40.39
kgCO2/ha/m), wheat (27.71kgCO2/ha/m), mustard (26.16 kgCO2/ha/m), pigeon pea
(13.49 kgCO2/ha/m) and pearl millet (3.99 kgCO2/ha/m). However, total CO2 emission
under baseline scenario was highest for rice (140655.97 mt) followed by wheat
(98153.48 mt) and sugarcane (18415.98 mt). Higher CO2 emissions from rice and wheat
were due to the more area under these crops. Results also indicated that the CO2
emission can be reduced by 31.96% by improving pump efficiency from 34.7 to 51%.
Results showed that improvement in irrigation efficiency by 15% over the baseline
efficiency would reduce CO2 by 23.06% in rice and 24.99 % in other crops. By
improving the pumpset and irrigation efficiencies together up to the achievable level,
CO2 emissions can be reduced up to 48.35%.
 
Date 2016-03-10T18:38:32Z
2016-03-10T18:38:32Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65059
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, NEW DELHI