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Genetic analysis for yield and its component traits over locations in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Title Genetic analysis for yield and its component traits over locations in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
 
Creator Shinde, D. A.
 
Contributor Patel, P. B.
 
Subject rice, crossing over, planting, heterosis, developmental stages, hybrids, biological phenomena, starch, grain, research methods
 
Description In the prese nt inves tigatio n, info rmatio n re gar ding magnitude o f heterosis , e stimates of combining ability, nature of ge ne actio n, G x E inter actio ns and s t ability par ameters were estimate d for gr ain yie ld per plant and nine o ther co mpo ne nt tr aits using line x tester analysis involving fo ur fe males , te n males and their res ultant for ty crosses e valuate d at three loc atio ns dur ing khar if - 20 11 .
Significant dif fere nces we re notice d amo ng ge notypes , pare nts and hybrids for all the c har acters studie d. Signific ance of pare nts vs . hybrids co mpariso n s ho we d e xiste nce of o ver all heterosis . Signif ic ance of pare nts x loc atio ns and hybrids x loc atio ns inter actio ns sugges te d that pare nts and hybrids inte r acte d differe ntly with differe nt enviro nme nts . A co nside r able de gree of he terosis in de sire d direction was manife ste d by many hybrids o ver better par e nt and in res pect of gr ain yield per plant and vario us co mpo ne nt tr aits. Signific ant positive heterotic effects and high per se per formance with re gar ds to gr ain yield per plant were reco r de d by the hybrids viz ., NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1, IR- 28 x NAUR - 1 and NVSR - 178 x IET- 21682 . To tal te n
hybrids e xhibite d signific ant po sitive het erosis o ver better pare nt for gr ain yield per plant.
Combining ability analysis re ve ale d importance of both additi ve and no n - additive ge netic compo ne nts for most of the tr aits . Ho we ver , combining ability studies indic ate d that no n - dditive ge ne actio n p laye d important role in the e xpressio n of all the tr aits e xce pt plant height and L: Bratio .
The s ca and g ca variances were fo und to be influe nce d by the e nviro nme ntal differe nces for most o f the tr aits as e vide nt fro m diffe re nce s in r atio of g ca / s ca to g ca x loc atio ns/ s ca x loc atio ns .
Among fe males NVSR - 178 and amo ng males NAUR - 1 , IET - 21682 , RP - 4075 - 129 - 07 - 3 and IR8 1025 - B- 116 - 1 e xhibite d high gc a ef fects for gr ain yield per plant and were o bser ve d as goo d ge ner al combiner for yie ld and mo st of its co ntr ibuting c har acters and these may be utilize d in f urther bree ding pro gr amme.
The crosses with high sc a eff ects were in ge ner al combinatio ns of pare nts with goo d x goo d, goo d x poor or goo d x aver age and poor x poor g ca effec ts. The fre que nc y of goo d x goo d was o bser ve d more . This was re pr ese nte d in best three hybrids for gr ain yie ld per plant viz ., NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1 (goo d x goo d) , NVSR - 178 x IET- 21682 ( goo d x goo d) and
IR - 28 x NAUR- 1 ( poor x goo d) had signific ant desire d s ca effec ts and signific ant desire d hetero tic res po nse o ver better pare nt. The freque nc y of goo d x goo d was more . Amo ng to p te n hybr ids, for s ix hybrids viz ., NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1 , NVSR - 178 x IET- 21682 , NVSR - 176 x IR81025 - B- 116 - 1 , NVSR - 178 x RP - 4075 - 129 - 07 - 3 , NVSR - 176 x IET- 21682 and NVSR - 176 x NAUR - 1 bo th of the ir pare nts were fo und to be goo d ge ner al co mbiners .
Phenotypic stability analysis re ve ale d significant diffe re nces amo ng all the inter ac tio ns [ge notypes, e nviro nme nts ( E) , G x E inter ac tio n, e nviro nme nts (Line ar) and G x E ( Line ar) ] for all the char acte rs whe n teste d against the poole d error and poole d de viatio n exce pt the me an s quares due to poole d de viatio n for days to 50 per cent f lo wering and amylo se co nte nt , whe n teste d against poole d error , whic h s uggeste d importance of both line ar and no nline ar compo ne nts in building up total G x E inter actio n.
The best three high yielding and stable hybrids o ver enviro nme nts for gr ain yield per plant were NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1 , NVSR - 178 x IET- 21682 and NVSR - 176 x IR80501 - B- 96 - 1 - B. The hybrid, NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1 was fo und to be stable for days to 50 per cent flo wering, panicle le ngth , number of gr ains per panicle , gr ain yield per plant, amylose co nte nt and prote in co nte nt .
On the basis o f per se per formance, hetero sis, co mbining ability and stability o ve r enviro nme nts , cross co mbinatio n NVSR - 178 x NAUR - 1 was fo und to be the most pro mising and may be e xploite d in pr actic al plant bree ding pro gr amme. The s ame may be e valuate d critic ally to j udge its s uperiority in perfor mance with s tability acro ss the ye ars and soil type for its utility o n commercial sc ale.
Finding co nfir ms that rice cro p has vast so urce o f variability whic h c an be effective ly e xploite d to pro duce highly heterotic cross co mb inatio ns and varieties s uitable for aero bic
conditio ns. It is the ultimate solutio n for pro blems re gar ding rice pro ductivity in the world, whic h are c halle nge d by incre asing foo d de mand and thre ate ne d by declining water availability, c an effective ly be sol ve d by plant bre e ders.
 
Date 2016-05-20T10:32:50Z
2016-05-20T10:32:50Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66149
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher NAU