RESPONSE OF PIGEONPEA TO PLANT DENSITIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION THROUGH DRIP
KrishiKosh
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Title |
RESPONSE OF PIGEONPEA TO PLANT DENSITIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION THROUGH DRIP
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Creator |
SURESH, K
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Contributor |
PRAVEEN RAO, V.
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Subject |
irrigation, planting, pigeonpeas, developmental stages, yields, crops, sowing, biological development, area, drying
PIGEONPEA, PLANT DENSITIES, IRRIGATION, DRIP |
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Description |
A field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay soil at Agricultural Research Station, Basanthpur, Medak district of Andhra Pradesh during the kharif seasons of 2009- ‘10 and 2010-’11 to study the “Response of pigeonpea to plant densities and supplemental irrigation through drip”. Three varied plant densities of pigeonpea (D1–55,555 plants ha-1, D2–41,666 plants ha-1 and D3–33,333 plants ha-1) were tested as 3 main treatments with 4 irrigation levels as sub treatments involving control (I1 - rainfed), drip irrigation at flowering with 20 mm depth of water (I2), drip irrigation at pod development with 20 mm depth of water (I3) and drip irrigation at flowering and pod development with 20 mm depth of water at each stage, respectively (I4). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Surface drip irrigation system was used in the study and consisted of 16 mm integral dripper lines laid out on the ground surface along the crop rows with emitters spaced at 0.40 m apart delivering 4 L hr-1. The application rate was adjusted as per the treatments. Growth parameters viz., plant height, number of branches, LAI and dry matter production, days to 50% flowering and days to physiological maturity were measured and analysed for determining CGR, NAR and LAD at periodical intervals. Similarly, yield attributes viz., pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield, stalk yield and harvest index were measured at harvest. Water studies included daily rainfall and pan evaporation, rainy events and volume of harvested water, amount of water given as supplemental irrigation through drip, periodical monitoring of soil moisture, relative water content at 15 day interval, water use efficiency and seasonal crop evapotranspiration. Weather elements viz., temperature, sunshine hours, wind velocity and day length were also measured during the crop growing seasons. The data generated on various aspects in this study on response xvi of pigeonpea to varying plant densities and irrigation levels were analyzed through standard statistical methods and logical conclusions were drawn. Pigeonpea sown at lesser plant density of 33,333 plants ha-1 (D3) recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and seed yield and showed better water use efficiency. These results implicated that better individual plant performance at 150 cm x 20 cm spacing in D3 increased the seed yield ha-1 as compared to seed yield under 120 cm x 20 cm in D2 and 90 x 20 cm spacing in D1 as the favourable effect of increased population per unit area in closer spacing was not enough to compensate the yield reduction. Application of two irrigations of 20 mm depth each at flowering and pod development stages in I4 treatment registered higher growth parameters, yield attributes and seed yield over I1, I2 and I3 signifying the importance of supplemental irrigation at critical crop growth stages. Under water scarce conditions, supplemental irrigation at pod development stage is beneficial rather than at flowering stage. Under different plant densities and irrigation levels tested the seasonal ETc varied between 350.2 to 350.4 mm ha-1 and 330.4 to 370.7 mm ha-1 respectively. The yield advantage obtained on irrigating the crop once at flowering stage did not compensate the cost incurred for installation of the drip system. This emphasizes that under limited water availability, it would be economical to provide supplemental irrigation at pod development stage rather than at flowering period. Higher BCR and WUE in I4 signifies the need for application of supplemental irrigation at moisture sensitive stages of flowering and pod development stages for obtaining higher economical returns. |
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Date |
2016-06-08T13:20:53Z
2016-06-08T13:20:53Z 2012 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67008
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Language |
en
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Relation |
;D9259
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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