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HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OVER ENVIRONMENTS IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.)

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Title HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OVER ENVIRONMENTS IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.)
 
Creator JETHAVA ARJANBHAI SONDABHAI M.Sc.
 
Contributor Pandya H. M.
 
Subject PEARL MILLET
BOTANY
 
Description The present investigation on “Heterosis, combining ability and stability analysis over environments in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)” was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Kodinar during three consecutive seasons i.e. kharif-2005 (E1), semi-rabi-2005-06 (E2) and summer-2006 (E3). The experimental material comprised of five lines viz., ICMA 95222A, ICMA 94555A, ICMA 95444A, JMSA 101 and 81A; ten testers namely, J 104, J 108, J 998, J 2296, J 2372, J 2290, J 2405, J 2340, J 2440 and J 2454 and their 50 hybrids along with one hybrid check, MH 169. These 66 genotypes were sown in a randomized block design with three replications in all the three seasons/environments. The observations were recorded on five randomly selected plants for 15 characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, number of nodes per plant, plant height, ear head length, ear head girth, number of effective tillers per plant, ear head weight, inter nodal length, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, threshing index, fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant and protein content.
The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes, parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids for all the characters. Mean squares due to environments (seasons) were significant for all the 15 traits.
The mean squares due to parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids interacted significantly with varying environments for all the traits except P x E, H x E and (P vs H) x E for days to 50% flowering and (P vs H) x E for threshing index indicating variable response of the genotypes in different environments.
The magnitude of heterosis was higher for grain yield per plant, fodder yield per plant, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, ear head weight and number of effective tillers per plant; moderate for days to 50% flowering, number of nodes per plant, plant height, inter nodal length, threshing index, ear head length and low for ear head girth and days to maturity. The crosses ICMA 95444A x J 2340, 81A x J 2296, ICMA 95444A x J 108, ICMA 94555A x J 2454, ICMA 94555A x J 2340, ICMA 95222A x J 2454 and JMSA 101 x J 2454 manifested significant and desirable heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield per plant.
Both additive and non-additive types of gene actions were involved in the genetic control of all the characters. The characters like days to 50% flowering, number of effective tillers per plant, ear head weight, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, threshing index, fodder yield per plant, grain yield per plant and protein content were under the control of non-additive type of gene action, while both additive and non-additive gene actions were in operation for days to maturity, number of nodes per plant, plant height and inter nodal length. The characters viz., ear head length and ear head girth were under the control of additive genetic component.
The parents viz., ICMB 94555A, 81A, J 2372, J 2340, J 2440 and J 2454 were good general combiners for grain yield per plant and its component
traits. Further, gca effects of parents were more or less associated with their per se performance for all the characters.
The high yielding hybrid ICMA 95222A x J 2372 had high sca effects for grain yield per plant, ear head weight, harvest index, threshing index and fodder yield per plant. The cross 81A x J 2296 had high sca effects for grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant, ear head weight, 1000-seed weight, harvest index, threshing index and fodder yield per plant. The high sca effects for above components were also accompanied by high heterosis as well as high per se performance. The results further revealed that most of the superior cross combinations had involved at least one parent with high gca effects for almost all the characters. The sca effects of crosses were not associated with their per se performance for most of the traits.
The stability analysis exhibited the significant differences among the genotypes (G), environments (E) and G x E interactions for all the characters except days to 50% flowering suggesting that genotypes interacted considerably with environments. The results on environmental index revealed that summer season was the most congenial for grain yield per plant and majority of the yield component traits. Higher magnitudes of G x E (linear) variance as compared to G x E (non-linear) for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of nodes per plant, inter nodal length, ear head length, ear head weight, fodder yield per plant, harvest index and 1000-seed weight suggested that genotypes differed for their linear regression on environmental index. However, non-linear component was higher in magnitude for the rest of the characters indicating the prediction of performance would be difficult for these five characters.
The parents viz., ICMA 95444A, ICMA 95222A, JMSA 101, J 2372, J 998
and J 2296 were observed to be stable for grain yield and yield contributing traits.
On the basis of three stability parameters viz., overall mean (X ), regression
coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di), it was observed that among the
hybrids ICMA 95444A x J 2372 was found most widely adapted for grain yield and
its components.
Overall, on the basis of per se performance, heterobeltiosis, standard
heterosis, sca effects and stability for grain yield per plant, three crosses viz.,
95222A x J 2372, ICMA 95444A x J 2372, and
ICMA 95222A x J 998 could be exploited for heterosis breeding in
pearl millet.
 
Date 2016-09-21T09:01:24Z
2016-09-21T09:01:24Z
2009-01
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/77859
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf