STUDIES ON DENSIFICATION OF BIOMASS IN BRIQUETTING PLANT FOR FUEL
KrishiKosh
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Title |
STUDIES ON DENSIFICATION OF BIOMASS IN BRIQUETTING PLANT FOR FUEL
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Contributor |
Indra Mani
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Subject |
livestock, biological phenomena, phospholipids, body weight, research methods, fats, organic compounds, feed consumption, emulsifiers, absorption
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Description |
t-8036
Agricultural residues form a major component of renewable energy sources, which can be conveniently used after briquetting as an efficient energy source. Biomass has the potential to meet the additional energy demands of rural as well as urban and industrial sectors; thereby making a significant contribution to the economic advancement of developing countries like India of whose annual biomass production from agricultural crop residues is 539.48 million tonnes. Direct burning of agricultural residues is very inefficient (5% efficiency) energy conversion process causing environmental pollution and also there are problems in management of crop residues. The management of agricultural residues like its transportation, storage, and handling is very difficult, owing to its very low density of about 60-180 kg/m3 . Therefore, efforts had been made for efficient utilization of biomass through improved technologies like briquetting which improves the volumetric calorific 156 value up to 500-1500 kcal/kg, helps reducing volume by 8-10 times by increasing density to about 1000-1200 kg/m3 . The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass, binders and die pressure on physical, transportation and burning characteristics of briquettes. Briquetting Utility Index was developed to classify the different briquette combinations into low, medium and high quality. The effect of storage period on physical and burning properties of briquettes was also studied. Three biomass materials i.e. mustard stalk, mixed waste and wood waste along with three organic binding materials e.g. molasses, press mud and distillers dry grain with varying concentration of 5, 10, 15 and 20% were used randomly for preparation of briquettes at die pressures of 123.42 MPa, 117.68 MPa and 112.34 MPa. The influence of die pressure, biomass materials, binder and their concentrations as well as storage time on physical and burning characteristics and transportability of briquettes was investigated. Data was collected on moisture content, bulk density, compression ratio, compressive strength, tumbling resistance, resistance to water penetration, shattering resistance, calorific values, ash content and energy gained of briquettes and performance parameters(sun indices) like Physical Index, Transportation Index, Thermal Index were evaluated. Data was analysed using factorial Randomised Block Design (RBD) with four factors, die pressure, raw materials, binders and their concentration levels with the help of statistical PROGRAM SAS. The effect of storage period on physical, transportation and thermal properties was also studied along with energy balance and economic analysis of briquettes. Development of a composite index i.e. Briquette Utility Index from above sub indices helped to recommending appropriate briquette constituents and binding materials for best quality briquettes in terms of physical, transportation and thermal properties. The moisture content, size, shape, and distribution of different size biomass materials in the sample affected the density, heating value and stability of biomass briquettes. Press mud was found a better binding agent followed by distillers dry grain and molasses. Among biomass materials mustard stalk briquettes were found better followed by mixed waste and wood waste briquettes for die pressure of 123.42 MPa, 117.68 MPa and 112.34 MPa with corresponding die sizes of 41.5, 42.5 and 43.5 mm, respectively in terms of physical transportation and storage properties. The briquettes made from wood waste were found best followed 157 by mustard stalk and mixed waste at hi |
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Date |
2017-01-04T11:42:34Z
2017-01-04T11:42:34Z 2009 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/94350
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Format |
application/pdf
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