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MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR VARIABILITY STUDY IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) GROWN UNDER POLYHOUSE

KrishiKosh

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Title MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR VARIABILITY STUDY IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) GROWN UNDER POLYHOUSE
 
Creator PRAJAPATI, PRIYANKA P.
 
Contributor SINGH, ALKA
 
Subject developmental stages, gerbera, diseases, planting, enzymes, fungi, biological phenomena, fruits, harvesting, proteins
 
Description Investigation was conducted on morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects to check the variation existing among different varieties of gerbera and to generate scientific informations regarding pathological problems in gerbera. The present research work was conducted in four experiments viz., (1) Morphological differences among different varieties of gerbera grown under polyhouse, (2) Physiological and biochemical changes from opening/flowering to senescence in different varieties of gerbera, (3) Isolation and identification of different pathogens in flowers of different varieties of gerbera and correlation with biochemical changes and (4) Molecular variability study in different varieties of gerbera using RAPD marker. These experiments were conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 years in the Laboratories of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Plant Pathology and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, N.A.U., Navsari. The data on different quantitative and qualitative parameters were statistically analyzed using Completely Randomized Design.
In experiment 1, all the varieties of gerbera exhibited better performance in winter season with respect to all the vegetative and flowering parameters as compared to monsoon and summer. The highest yield of flowers per plant per year and per square meter per year was registered in varieties Stanza followed by CF Gold and Fana while, the lowest was obtained in Cherany followed by Lion. Analysis of variance revealed that there was considerable and significant variation among the varieties studied for all the characters
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under consideration. The critical difference to group the genotypes in respect of each character was determined. Characters viz., number of leaves per plant, followed by number of clumps per plant, leaf area index and hollowness of the stalk exhibited high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV), while, it was narrow for flower diameter, followed by fresh weight and plant height. In most of the characters the genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients. The estimates of phenotypic and genotypic correlation and path coefficient revealed that the number of flowers per plant was strongly and positively associated with the characters namely plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of clumps per plant, leaf area index, flower diameter, fresh weight, neck diameter, stalk diameter and stalk length. Critical analysis of the results from path coefficient matrix drawn for vase life as dependent character, indicated that the vase life had highly significant and positive correlation with petal thickness and its direct effect was positive and of high magnitude. Leaf area index also had significant positive direct effect on vase life followed by stalk length, stalk diameter, fresh weight, petal thickness, number of flowers per plant, neck diameter and number of leaves per plant. This indicated that the improvement of such characters would lead to enhance vase life.
Experiment 2, was conducted to study the post harvest flower physiology and biochemical changes in different varieties of gerbera at successive vase life stages till senescence for parameters like water uptake, dry weight, stem bending curvature, TSS, TDS, electrolytic leakage, lipid peroxidation, respiration and ethylene evolved, free amino acids, total phenols, protein, pigments and enzymatic activities like catalase activity, peroxidase activity, SOD activity, lipoxygenase activity, GR activity, PAL and PPO enzyme activity. The varieties Venezia, Jaffana, Stanza and Diego performed best with respect to post harvest physiological and biochemical behaviour and therefore, best suited for cut flower, flower arrangements, decorations and exhibition purpose. The enhanced vase life of these varieties was a result of continued and more water uptake in the cut spikes, low stem bending, higher retention of fresh weight, high petal sugar and protein levels, low amino acids, maintained catalase, peroxidise and SOD activity, low LOX activity and lipid peroxidation (in petal tissue) along with well established and stabilized membrane integrity and cellular structure as indicated by maintained lower electrolyte leakage, which ultimately delayed petal senescence and increased the longevity of the cut flowers.
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Experiment 3, evaluated that gerbera was found to be affected by many disease pathogens. Symptoms were critically examined for each disease observed. Microscopic examination and tissue isolation from infected samples of gerbera plant yielded culture of Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Erysiphe sp., and Rhizopus sp. causing leaf spot, wilt, powdery mildew and rhizopus rot, respectively. The morphological and cultural characters of fungal pathogen isolated were studied, which were found closely identical with Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Erysiphe cichoracearum and Rhizopus stolonifer. The variety Jaffana was found to be moderately susceptible to powdery mildew infection while CF Gold and Chernay showed moderate susceptibility to rhizopus rot. Rest of the varieties showed fair resistance to respective diseases mentioned above. Further, the correlation study of disease intensity with biochemical parameters revealed that only alternaria leaf spot disease intensity exhibited significant positive or negative correlation while fusarium wilt, powdery mildew and rhizopus rot expressed non-significant correlation with all the biochemical characters. Alternaria leaf spot expressed significant positive correlation with amino acid content, lipoxygenase activity, lipid peroxidation, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity, electrolytic leakage while, significant negative correlation with superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase and phenylalanine ammonialyase enzymatic activities, total dissolved solids, total soluble sugars, protein content in petal tissue and lignin content in stalk.
In experiment 4, the ten decamer primers produced a total of 49 scorable bands in the twelve genotypes of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus out of which 42 were polymorphic and 7 were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from a maximum of 100.00 % by OPE-02, OPE-14, OPF-18, OPG-18, OPG-16 and OPG-17 to a minimum of 50.00 % by OPE-08. The average genetic similarity coefficient for the 12 accessions, evaluated by Jaccard index was 0.64 ranging from 0.43 to 0.86. The dendrogram obtained clearly indicated two distinct main clusters I and II. The genotype CF Orange found in second cluster was having minimum similarity (0.43) with other genotypes while, rest of the genotypes were laid in first cluster. The dendrogram of 12 accessions reflected that Fana-Diego,
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Venezia-Torbin, Cherany-Lion and Kento-Ice Queen have more genetic similarity as compared to other accessions.
The results will be useful for breeders to improve yield, flower quality, vase life and minimize post harvest losses in gerbera. Further, for screening and evaluation of gerbera varieties, post harvest quality should be an important criterion, looking to the availability of large number of gerbera varieties wherein information on their post harvest parameters is lacking.
 
Date 2016-05-03T15:06:59Z
2016-05-03T15:06:59Z
2013-07
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65752
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari