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ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN THE ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) FROM MAJOR BREEDING CENTERS IN INDIA

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Title ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY IN THE ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) FROM MAJOR BREEDING CENTERS IN INDIA
 
Creator RAMPRASAD, E
 
Contributor SENTHILVEL SENAPATHY
 
Subject MORPHOLOGICAL, MOLECULAR, DIVERSITY, ADVANCED, BREEDING, LINES, SESAME, MAJOR, BREEDING, CENTERS, INDIA
 
Description In the present investigation, a set of 41 genotypes that comprised of advanced
breeding lines and varieties of sesame was evaluated for morphological and molecular
genetic diversity. Various genetic parameters for different quantitative traits including yield
and the interrelationship of morphological traits with seed yield were also assessed. The
experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with two replications. Analysis of
variance indicated the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for the
yield and its component characters. The genotypic coefficients of variation for all the
characters studied were lesser than the phenotypic coefficients of variation indicating the
effect of the environment. The magnitude of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of
variations were high for plant height, number of branches, number of capsules per plant,
and moderate for first capsule height and capsule length, whereas number of seeds per
capsule, days to maturity and 1000-seed weight had low values. The diameter of the stem
had low GCV and moderate PCV and seed yield per plant exhibited moderate GCV and
high PCV. The capsules per plant, plant height, number of branches and first capsule height
had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that
these traits can be improved through simple selection procedure. The path analysis showed
that the seed yield per plant had significant positive association with plant height, number
of branches per plant, first capsule height, capsules per plant, and 1000-seed weight
suggesting the possibility for simultaneous improvement of these characters. The path
analysis also indicated that selection for number of capsules per plant, diameter of stem,
capsule length, number of branches and plant height would directly increase seed yield. The
Mahalanobis D2 analysis grouped all 41 genotypes into seven clusters suggesting that
considerable amount of genetic diversity present across genotypes. The capsules per plant
followed by number of branches, plant height and days to maturity contributed more than
90 per cent of the total genetic divergence. D2 values indicated that the cross combinations
viz., Rajeswari × AT-213, Swetha × AT-213, YLM-17 × AT-213, IsAgi-95-10 × AT-213
and Nirmala × AT-213, Rajeswari × JLS-408-2, Swetha × JLS-408-2, YLM-17 × JLS-408-
2, IsAgi-95-10 × JLS-408-2 and Nirmala × JLS-408-2 and AT-213 × Hima may generate
useful segregants for yield improvement. The cluster analysis based on Euclidean and
Rogers-Tanimoto distance measures (for quantitative and qualitative characters,
respectively) also showed different clusters with random distribution of genotypes across
clusters irrespective of their place of origin. A considerable amount of genetic diversity
was observed among 41 sesame lines based on genotyping data from 20 SSR markers. The
polymorphism information content (PIC) value of SSR loci ranged from 0.127 to 0.676
with mean of 0.409. The gene diversity ranged from 0.136 to 0.728 with mean of 0.469.
The simple matching dissimilarity co-efficient ranged from 0.100 (RT-125 and LT-8) to
0.775 (DS-5 and RT-356) with a mean of 0.478 indicating that genotype pairs with very
close or distant relationship were found in the study materials. The Weighted Neighbor-
Joining tree based dendrogram distributed the 41 sesame lines into three clusters consisting
of 18, 11 and 12 genotypes, respectively with sub groupings within each cluster. The parent
chosen from distinct clusters are expected to produce heterotic hybrids. Comparison of
genetic dissimilarity indices derived from phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative traits)
and molecular data by Mantel test indicated no significant correlation between them
suggesting that genetic diversity assessment in sesame must consider both phenotypic and
genotypic information.
 
Date 2016-09-12T11:59:42Z
2016-09-12T11:59:42Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/76423
 
Language en
 
Relation D9659;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD