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EFFECT OF FYM AND VAM ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SPINACH (Beta vulgaris) (PALAK)

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Title EFFECT OF FYM AND VAM ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF SPINACH (Beta vulgaris) (PALAK)
 
Creator TIRUPATHI RAO HANUMANTHU, HANUMANTHU
 
Contributor SUMATHI, S
 
Subject dna, vegetables, economic resources, research methods, grain, manpower, ecosystems, fruits, wells, biological phenomena
FYM AND VAM, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, SPINACH, Beta vulgaris, PALAK
 
Description A poly bag experiment was conducted at Department of Agricultural Microbiology
and Bioenergy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2011-12 to study
the “Effect of FYM and VAM on drought tolerance of spinach (Beta vulgaris)
(PALAK)”. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with 3
replications and 8 treatment combinations. Recommended dose of chemical fertilizers
(100% RDF, 50% RDF), farm yard manure and mycorrhizae were applied to the soil
according to the treatments imposed. All green variety of spinach seeds (20) were sown in
poly bags and watered at two levels i.e alternate day and every 4th day. The crop was
harvested around 40 days (1st picking) and 60 days (2nd picking) after sowing. At each
picking, yield was noted, and fresh leaf samples were used for estimation of total
chlorophyll content, proline content,vitamin C content and total carotene content. Dry
powdered leaf samples were used for estimation of total antioxidant activity, total phenolic
content, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake. The physico - chemical properties of
soil and microbial population in the soil were estimated before sowing and after harvesting
of the crop.
The results revealed that among the treatments with alternate day irrigation, yield
was highest in FYM+100%RDF followed by 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Addition of FYM to
the treatment VAM+100%RDF significantly increased the yield. Significantly highest dry
weight and chlorophyll content were observed in FYM+100%RDF followed by
50%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The treatment FYM+100%RDF
showed significantly maximum number of leaves followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM,
100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest vitamin C content and phenolic content were recorded in
both 50%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The vitamin C content was
significantly lowest in the treatment with VAM. Addition of VAM to the FYM and
chemical fertilizers significantly increased the vitamin C content. Highest antioxidant
activity and total carotene content were found in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment.
Highest proline content was recorded in FYM+100%RDF followed by FYM+VAM and
lowest amount of proline was found in VAM treatment. Highest nitrogen, phosphorous and
potassium uptake was observed in the treatment with 50%RDF+FYM+VAM followed by
FYM+100%RDF. The uptake was significantly increased when FYM was added to the
VAM+100%RDF treatment. Lowest uptake of N, P and K was found in VAM treatment.
Maximum pH and high EC values were recorded in the treatment 100%RDF. The
organic carbon content was highest in FYM and bulk density was found to be maximum
with 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Nitrogen and Phosphorous content were observed in
the treatment 100%RDF. Significantly lowest nitrogen and potassium content was observed
in VAM treatment. Higher population of Bacteria, Actinomycetes, PSB and Fungi were
found to be associated with the FYM treatment while Azotobacter population was
maximum in FYM+VAM and VAM+100%RDF treatments.
Among the treatments given irrigation at every 4th day, significantly higher yield
and dry weight was found in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM which were immediately followed by
50%RDF+FYM+VAM. The results indicate that VAM as such did not influence the dry
weight of the spinach crop. The influence of VAM was observed only in combination with
FYM and chemical fertilizers. Highest number of leaves and chlorophyll content were
recorded in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM and 50%RDF+FYM+VAM respectively. Highest
vitamin C content, antioxidant activity and phenolic content were found in
100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment. On addition of VAM to FYM+100%RDF treatment
vitamin C content was significantly increased. Carotene content was highest in
FYM+100%RDF followed by 100%RDF+FYM+VAM and 100%RDF. Higher proline
content was recorded with 100%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment and lowest proline content
was recorded in VAM. The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous was highest in
100%RDF+FYM+VAM. The treatments with VAM, FYM and RDF helped in higher
uptake of nitrogen under water stress. Phosphorous uptake recorded high in
100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Potassium uptake was found in 50%RDF+FYM+VAM
and 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Lowest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were
found in the treatments VAM, VAM+FYM and FYM respectively.
The higher pH and EC were observed in100%RDF. Highest organic carbon content
recorded in FYM, FYM+100%RDF and FYM+VAM treatments. Highest bulk density was
observed in 100%RDF+FYM+VAM. Highest Nitrogen and Phosphorous content was
observed in 100%RDF treatment. Potassium content was highest in VAM+100%RDF
treatment. However lowest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content were observed in
VAM. Highest number of bacteria was found in FYM+VAM. Actinomycetes were highest
in number in the treatment FYM+VAM and lowest in 100%RDF. Highest number of PSB
was observed in the treatment 50%RDF+FYM+VAM. Azotobacter population was highest
in FYM+VAM followed by 50%RDF+FYM+VAM treatment and lowest in 100%RDF.
Fungal population was highest in the treatment FYM and lowest in 100%RDF.
The results obtained in the present experiment indicate that the FYM or VAM or
RDF alone did not help in either higher yield or withstanding drought stress. Though FYM
with RDF gave the best results than RDF alone, use of VAM with FYM and RDF gave the
best results in terms of yield, antioxidant activity, vitamin C content both under normal and
drought stress conditions. The % difference in yield was lowest in VAM treatments when
compared between the two irrigation levels indicating that the VAM treatment influences
yield under drought stress.
 
Date 2016-06-06T11:36:28Z
2016-06-06T11:36:28Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66819
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY