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SURVEY ON INSECT PESTS AND MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN CORN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SWEET CORN (Zea mays L.)

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Title SURVEY ON INSECT PESTS AND MONITORING OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN CORN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SWEET CORN (Zea mays L.)
 
Creator HEENA KAUSAR
 
Contributor SRINIVAS, C
 
Subject vegetables, plant oils, pesticides, sampling, confectionery, maize, pesticide residues, monocrotophos, markets, fruits
 
Description Corn (Zea mays L.) is considered as ‘Queen of cereals’. Sweet corn, Zea mays
var. saccharata, is a special variety of corn and has achieved a major success as one of
the most commercial cash crop. It is a glutin free cereal, one of the finest source of
dietry fibre, vitamins, minerals and ferulic acid, an anti cancerous phenolic agent.
The survey on insect pests of corn (maize and sweet corn) was carried out in
major corn growing areas of Telangana ie., Warangal, Medak and Rangareddy by
following rover survey method and pest status in each field is evaluated by taking ten
plants. Observations were made on per cent infestation and pin holes/ windows on leaf,
dead hearts, cob damage and stem tunneling. Samples of sweet corn were collected
from farm gate and market and monitoring of pesticide residues was carried. Studies
were undertaken to establish dissipation dynamics of frequently detected pesticides
along with a new chemical in field conditions to assess the rate of dissipation, half-life,
safe waiting period and pre-harvest interval. The insecticides used were carbofuran
3.5kg per acre, chlorpyriphos2.5 mlL-1,monocrotophos 1.5 mlL-1 and chlorantraniliprole
0.3 mlL-1
The most predominant insect pests found on corn were stem borers
(Chilo partellus and Sesamia inferens), while other pests were negligible. The per cent
infested plants in Warangal by borers in maize and sweet corn was 34.01 and 34.44 per
cent, respectively. At Medak 20.21 and 20.78 per cent plants of maize and sweet corn
were recorded to be affected by borers. In Rangareddy, on sweet corn the infestation
was less i.e., 20.59 per cent. The infestation was almost same in maize and sweet corn,
but the infestation was recorded at higher per cent in Warangal over other areas which is
due to lack of knowledge on recommended pesticides and timely application.
Studies on monitoring of samples of sweet corn from farm gate and market
collected from Warangal, Medak and Rangareddy in kharif. The analysis was done by
following validated QuEChERS method and resulted in seven pesticide residues namely
chlorpyriphos, monocrotophos, carbofuran, thiomethaxam, cypermethrin, phorate and
triazophos in farm gate samples. The market samples were detected with
monocrotophos, carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, lambda cyahalothrin, cypermethrin,
deltamethrin + Triazophos and phorate. The most common among them were
monocrotophos, carbofuran and chlorpyriphos. For studying the dissipation dynamics,
half-life, waiting periods of most commonly detected pesticides and other insecticide
chlorantraniliprole, sweet corn crop has been raised in students farm as per good
agricultural practices of PJTSAU.
Carbofuran applied at 20-25 days after sowing was completely dissipated and
no residues were detected in fresh sweet corn cobs. Chlorpyriphos with initial deposits
of 2.37 mg kg-1 gradually dissipated to 1.62, 1.26, 1.05, 0.31 and 0.08 mg kg-1 at 1, 3, 5,
7 and 10 days respectively with half-life of 4.94 days. Safe waiting period of 15 days
can be suggested.
The initial deposits of monocrotophos was 4.64 mg kg-1 which dissipated to
3.69, 2.87, 1.95, 0.50 and 0.05 mg kg-1 at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively. Half-life
of 1.59 days and safe waiting period of 15 days can be suggested.
The initial deposits of chlorantraniliprole was 8.13 mg kg-1 dissipating to 2.21,
0.44, 0.19 and 0.04 mg kg-1 at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively. Half-life and safe
waiting periods can be suggested as 1.29 and 15 days, respectively.
 
Date 2017-01-03T10:37:11Z
2017-01-03T10:37:11Z
2016
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/94079
 
Language en
 
Relation D10026;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY. HYDERABAD