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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MINERAL PROFILES OF SOIL, WATER, FEEDSTUFFS AND ANIMALS AND FEEDING SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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Title A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE MINERAL PROFILES OF SOIL, WATER, FEEDSTUFFS AND ANIMALS AND FEEDING SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Ph.D;CVSC;TPTY;Acc No: T1255
 
Creator DEVA SENA, B
 
Contributor RAMA PRASAD, J
RAMANA, J.V
PRABRAKARA REDDY, P
ESWARA PRASAD, P
 
Subject crossbred animals; mineral profile; soil; water; feedstuffs; plasma
 
Description THESES
ABSTRACT:
A study was conducted to assess the mineral profile of soil, water, feedstuffs
and plasma of crossbred animals as well as feeding systems traditionally adopted by
the farmers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. The survey results indicated that,
soils in the district were deficient in Ca (30 %), P (32%), Cu (30 %) and Zn (22%).
The dry roughages were deficient in Ca (0.28 – 0.32%) and moderately deficient in P
(0.01 to 0.24%). The Copper (4.6 to 7.7 mg/Kg) and Zinc (15.2 to 31.3 mg/Kg) content
of dry forages showed marginal deficiency, while adequate to excess in Na, K, Mg,
Mn, Fe and Co. Green roughages were moderate sources of Ca (0.38 to 0.59%),
deficient to moderately rich in P (0.09 to 0.91%), while Cu (2.1 – 9.7 mg/Kg) and Zn
(18.1 – 30.7 mg/Kg) deficiency was observed in some (20-25%) of the cultivated
fodders. The Mn (27.8 to 95.0 mg/Kg) content was moderately deficient to rich, Fe
content (117.8 – 978.6 mg/Kg) was very high and Co content (0.02 – 0.68 mg/Kg) was
adequate. But local grasses and tree foliage were observed to be good source of all
minerals. Among the concentrates brans (Rice and Wheat) were rich in P (1.23 to
1.69%) but low in Cu (2.0 – 4.2 mg/Kg) and moderately deficient in Zn (30.3 – 75.8
mg/Kg). Grains contained low amount of Cu and Zn and moderately deficient to
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adequate in other minerals. The protein supplements were rich in all minerals. Home
made concentrate mixtures and compounded cattle feeds were adequate to moderately
rich in Ca (0.26 – 1.03%), P (0.68 – 1.42%), Mg (0.08 to 1.02%), Cu (11.6 – 23.5
mg/Kg), Zn (30.3 – 103.8 mg/Kg), Mn (40.7 – 114.5 mg/Kg), Fe (62.7 – 1260.0
mg/Kg) and Co (0.21 – 0.58 mg/Kg).
The blood mineral profile of animals on an average was above the critical level,
but deficiency was observed for Ca (48 – 67%), P (47 – 67%), Cu (65 – 74%), Zn (58
– 64%) and Mn (36 – 42%) in different physiological conditions of animals like
lactating cows, pregnant cows, pregnant heifers, non productive cows and non
productive heifers. The plasma Na, K, Mg, Fe and Co levels in all categories of
animals were well above the critical levels.
Survey of feeding practices in Chittoor district indicated that, majority of the
farmers (42-54%) were following semi-intensive feeding system, followed by intensive
(28 – 48%) and extensive (10 – 18%) feeding systems. Most of the farmers in the
district were allowing the animals for grazing which were supplemented /
complimented with other available roughages and concentrates. Paddy straw was sole
dry roughage. Groundnut straw and sugarcane tops were fed during harvesting season.
Ragi straw, Maize/Jowar stovers were used to a limited extent. Farmers were
cultivating improved fodder varieties like SSG-898, APBN, Co-1 and Co-2, but land
allotted for the cultivated grasses was quite limited. Top feeds like Subabul, Avisa and
Mulberry were offered by very few farmers only. Productive animals were fed with
concentrate feeds. Rice bran (61 – 74%) and GNC (28 – 42%) were most preferred
feed ingredients by the farmers. While very few farmers were using other agroindustrial
by products like Bajra/Maize grain, Gram chuni, Wheat bran, Soybean meal
and Sun-flower meal to a limited extent. Feeding of home made concentrate mixtures
(HMCM) with available feed ingredients was common practice. Rice bran and GNC
were most preferred ingredients in HMCM. While compounded cattle feeds marketed
were also utilized by some farmers. Common salt was used by 14-16% of the farmers,
but mineral mixture was used occasionally.
Assessment of nutritional intakes of the animals in terms of DM, DCP and
TDN revealed that, there was moderate deficiency of DM (11.3-18.9%) and moderate
to severe deficiency (18.2-32.3%) of DCP, while TDN was marginally deficient to
adequate (1.7-9.8%) among different physiological categories of animals.
Supplementation in the form of top feeds/ deoiled cakes available is recommended to
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improve nutritional status of the animals especially to meet DCP requirements. The
mineral deficiency (Ca, P, Cu, Zn and Mn) could be alleviated by supplementing in the
form of mineral salts in the ration. Locally available feed ingredients which are rich in
minerals like, green grasses, tree foliage, brans, gram chunies, oil cakes and good
quality concentrate mixtures were recommended for supplementation to prevent
mineral deficiency.
Based on the mineral deficiency data two area specific mineral mixtures
(ASMM-I & II) were formulated. Field study was conducted to assess the efficiency of
supplementation of these area specific mineral mixtures in animals having reproductive
disorders. Supplementation of these mineral mixtures for 90 days to animals in four
adopted villages improved (P
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI- 517 502 ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Date 2016-12-16T13:22:27Z
2016-12-16T13:22:27Z
2008-11
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/90596
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI- 517 502 ANDHRA PRADESH