INFLUENCE OF SPACING, NUTRITION AND PRUNING ON CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS IN Jatropha curcus L.
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Title |
INFLUENCE OF SPACING, NUTRITION AND PRUNING ON CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS IN Jatropha curcus L.
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Creator |
VIJAYA KUMAR, P
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Contributor |
SIVA SANKAR, A
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Subject |
SPACING, NUTRITION, PRUNING, MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL
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Description |
Certain morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects in Jatropha curcus L. as influenced by pruning, spacing and nutrition were investigated in 3-4 year plantation during June 2007 to June 2008 at students farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Plant spread was higher in unpruned with 3x4m spacing while in stem girth and number of branches per plant there were marginal differences between pruned and unpruned treatments. Fertilizer application with FYM +NPK recorded maximum values of plant spread, stem girth and number of branches per plant at all stages of monthly samplings. Among spacings, plant spaced at 3x3m recorded significantly higher number of branches per plant over 3x4 m spacing and 3x5m spacing by June 2008. Observations on flowering in terms of number of clusters per plant, total number of flowers (male and female) per cluster, total number of flowers per plant, total number of female flowers per plant and numbers of capsules per plant were examined at monthly intervals. In general, flowering was maximum during monsoon season (June and July) later declined to about 25% in September and ceased thereafter.Flowering did not occur from October-December. From January there was rejuvenation of both vegetative and reproductive growth (inflorescence) simultaneiously, the later reaching to higher level in June 2008. Pruning resulted in marginal increase of number of flowers per clusters, total number of flower ( male and female ) per cluster, total flowers per plant and capsules per plant at all stages. Among spacings, plants at 3x3m spacing exhibited higher values of number of clusters per plant, total number of flowers (male and females) per cluster, total number of flowers per plant and total number or capsules per plant. Among fertilizer treatments, FYM+NPK consistently recorded significantly higher values in number of clusters per plant, number of flowers per cluster, total number of flowers per plant and total number of capsules per plant compared to control followed by NPK and FYM at all stages of sampling June 2007-June2008. In terms of female flowers per plant, plants spaced at 3x3m and those received FYM+NPK found to have maximum number of female flowers per plant at all stages of sampling.Though flowering occurred from January onwards, capsules which give final yield are not formed up to March, therefore number of capsules per plant formed in August 2007 followed by September contributed to yield. Among treatments pruning had no significant influences on the number of capsules per the plant. On the other hand among spacing treatments plant spaced at 3x3m recorded higher number of capsules. Among fertilizer application FYM+NPK recorded significantly higher number of capsules per plant followed by NPK and FYM compared to control. Leaf area index (LAI), Photosynthetic rate, SPAD Chlorophyll meter reading, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, RWC and leaf temperature were examined in leaves from upper, middle and lower strata at monthly intervals. Irrespective of treatments LAI values increased from June2007 to August 2007 and thereafter declined. Complete leaf fall was recorded in October and continued up to December, hence no LAI was recorded. There was rejuvenation of growth gradually from January 2008 with slow increase in LAI reaching maximum values in June 2008. Pruning had no influence while 3x3m spaced plants always exhibited significantly higher LAI. Among fertilizer treatments FYM+NPK treatments resulted in significantly higher LAI at all stages over control. Photosynthetic rate (Pn), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm ratio) examined in June to September 2007 and January to June 2008 showed no significant differences with respect to pruning and spacing treatments, in contrast, plants received FYM+NPK exhibited higher values of Pn in all the strata compared to control at all stages of samplings (June 2007 to June 2008). Similar trend was noticed with SCMR. Chlorophyll fluorescence which is a measure of photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II varied significantly only with respect to fertilizer treatments, values were always lower in control plants (no fertilizer) irrespective of pruning and spacing at all samplings. Relative water content and leaf temperature did not vary among treatments. Nitrate reductase activity, the key enzyme for nitrogen metabolism examined in leaves of upper, middle and lower strata was found to be non significant with respect to pruning while plant spaced at 3x3m and with received FYM+NPK fertilizer, exhibited significantly higher NRA at all samplings. N, P and K content at maximum LAI in the leaves of upper, middle and lower strata were maximum in plants treated with FYM+NPK compare to control (no fertilizer). Seed yield per plant and per hectare basis showed no significant difference with respect to pruning. Plant spaced 3x3m recorded higher seed yield followed by 3x4m and 3x5m. FYM+NPK recorded maximum seed yield compared to control (250%) followed by NPK and FYM (110% and 85%) respectively in 2007. Seed oil content did not differ with respect to pruning and spacing, while fertilizer had a significant influence. Plants treated with FYM+NPK recorded 19% higher seed oil content compared to control followed by NPK alone (13-15%) in 2007 and 2008. Seed oil yield on plant as well as per hectare basis were marginally higher in pruned plants. Among spacing treatments plants spaced at 3x3m and among fertilizer treatments plants treated with FYM+NPK recorded maximum seed oil yield. Interaction involving fertilizer was found to be significant for physiological and yield parameters irrespective of pruning and spacing at all stages. |
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Date |
2016-07-30T14:38:10Z
2016-07-30T14:38:10Z 2008 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/70322
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D8341;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD
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