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EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED USE OF POULTRY MANURE, SEWAGE SLUDGE, FYM WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN MAIZE-CHILLI CROPPING SYSTEM

KrishiKosh

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Title EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED USE OF POULTRY MANURE, SEWAGE SLUDGE, FYM WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN MAIZE-CHILLI CROPPING SYSTEM
 
Creator REVATHI, D
 
Contributor JEEVAN RAO DEPARTMENT, K
 
Subject fertilizers, organic fertilizers, farmyard manure, wastes, liquid wastes, concentrates, vegetative propagation, livestock, fruits, yields
POULTRY MANURE, SEWAGE SLUDGE, FYM, CHEMICAL, FERTILIZERS, MAIZE, CHILLI
 
Description The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of Integrated Use of Poultry
Manure, Sewage Sludge, FYM with Chemical Fertilizers in Maize-Chilli Cropping
System” was carried out under field (kharif and rabi, 2007-08) conditions at College
Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Sewage sludge is rich source
of major and micronutrients as well as heavy metals. The present studies were
conducted to study the effect of sewage sludge, poultry manure and FYM on
performance of crops in terms of yield and uptake of nutrients and trace metals by crops
and also to find out the extent of accumulation of these metals in different plant parts of
sewage sludge applied crops and the extent of safety in their (human) consumption.
The experimental soil for maize-chilli cropping sequence was low in available N
(210.8 kg ha-1), medium in available P2O5 (21.2 kg ha-1) and medium in available K2O
(273.6 kg ha-1). In order to support the field observation green house studies were also
conducted on the soil brought from same field. A laboratory incubation study was also
carried out with and without soil in order to know the mineralization pattern and to
understand the changes in the status of DTPA-extractable heavy metals of organic
manures, enzyme activities and organic matter fractions.
The treatments for maize crop in the kharif, 2007 includes four main treatments
viz., 0, 50, 75 and 100 per cent RDF and seven sub treatments viz., two levels of each
poultry manure (2.5 and 5.0 t ha-1) sewage sludge and FYM (10 and 20 t ha-1) and
control (without manure) and combination of fertilizer levels along with organic
manurial levels. A field experiment with a total of 28 treatments, each replicated thrice
was laid out in split plot design. The recommended dose of fertilizers were applied to
maize crop (120 N, 60 P2O5 and 60 K2O kg ha-1). In the second season (rabi) chilli crop
was grown to study the residual effects of organic manures applied to the previous
season maize crop. No organic manures were added. However, recommended dose of
fertilizers (300 N, 60 P2O5 and 120 K2O kg ha-1, respectively) at 0, 50, 75 and 100 per
cent levels were added in the same pattern as followed in kharif.
In maize highest grain yield (5336 kg ha-1), stover yield (6308 kg ha-1) and plant
dry matter yield (11644 kg ha-1) were obtained with sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1
along with 100 per cent RDF. Green house experiment also showed grain yield (50.82 g
pot-1), plant dry matter (112.06 g pot-1) and stover yield (61.24 g pot-1) with same
treatment i.e., SS applied @ 20 t ha-1 along with 100 per cent RDF.
Increased levels of fertilizers from 0 to 100 per cent RDF and manures from 10 to
20 t ha-1 in case of SS and FYM and 2.5 to 5.0 t ha-1 in case of PM significantly
increased the major nutrient concentrations and uptake by maize grain, shoot and root.
Highest concentration and uptake values were observed with 100 per cent RDF,
followed by lower doses. Among the manures, highest concentration and uptake were
noticed with sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1. Micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) and
heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr) concentration and uptake by grain, shoot and root
increased significantly by the application of fertilizers. Highest concentration and
uptake were recorded in treatment 100 per cent RDF, followed by lower doses. There
was an increase in all micronutrients and heavy metals concentrations as well as uptake
by grain, shoot and root due to increase in level of application from 10 to 20 t ha-1
through SS and FYM and 2.5 to 5.0 t ha-1 through PM.
Application of manures either alone or in combination with fertilizers have
significantly influenced the protein content of maize grain at harvest. The highest
protein contents were observed in sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1 along with 100
per cent RDF both under field and greenhouse conditions. However, fertilizers alone or
in combination with manures had no significant influence on oil content of maize.
The highest fresh fruit yield (4807 kg ha-1) and dry fruit yield (1068 kg ha-1) of
chilli was resulted in treatment with sewage sludge (residual) applied @ 20 t ha-1 along
with 100 per cent RDF. There was significant increase in all yield parameters of chilli
due to manure application (residual). Among the organic sources, sewage sludge was
proved superior followed by FYM and PM.
The highest concentration of major, micronutrients and heavy metals and their
uptake of chilli was noticed in the sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1 along with 100 per
cent RDF closely followed by sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1 along with 75 per cent
RDF.
Residual effect of manures either alone or in combination with fertilizers showed
significant influence on quality parameters of chilli fruit at harvest. Highest capsaicin
content (0.32 &0.27 per cent) was resulted in sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1 along
with 100 per cent RDF under field and greenhouse conditions, respectively.
Combined application of manures and fertilizers did not show any significant
influence on physical and physico-chemical properties of soil after harvest of the both
crops. Highest contents of soil available major nutrients after harvest of the chilli crop
was noticed in sewage sludge treatment followed by FYM and among fertilizers with
100 per cent RDF. Combined application of manures and fertilizers showed significant
influence in available major nutrient status of soil. Highest available N (265 kg ha-1),
P2O5 (43.01 kg ha-1) and K2O (436 kg ha-1) were recorded in sewage sludge @ 20 t ha-1
with 100 per cent RDF. The contents of DTPA extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu
and Zn) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Co, Ni and Cr) of soil also showed same trend as
that of major nutrients with application of sewage sludge @ 20 t ha-1.
Maximum soil enzyme activities of urease (6.37 μg NH4
+-N released g-1 soil h-1),
dehydrogenase (730 μg TPF produced g-1 soil d-1) and alkaline phosphatase (101.04 μg
PNP released g-1 soil h-1) were observed with applied SS @ 20 t ha-1 with 100 per cent
RDF and organic fractions of soil humic acid (3.74 g kg-1) and fulvic acid (2.03 g kg-1)
obtained with sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1 with 100 per cent RDF after harvest of
chilli.
Studies on release pattern of DTPA extractable heavy metals from the organic
manures during incubation revealed highest mineralization of all the heavy metals (Pb,
Cd, Co, Ni & Cr) in sewage sludge treatment followed by PM. Among combined
treatments, available heavy metal contents (Pb, Ni & Cr) of organic manures gradually
increased from 0 days of incubation to 120 days of incubation. This was indicated by
the increase in DTPA extractable form of elements.
The results from incubation study of organic manures (without soil) showed that
production of humic fractions (humic acid and fulvic acid) at the end of incubation were
maximum with sewage sludge (13.77 and 3.25 g kg-1) followed by PM (10.97 and 3.16
g kg-1). The HA production increased with increase in period of incubation from initial
to 120 days in all the treatments, while FA production initially increased up to 40 days
and decreased thereafter.
The highest benefit: cost ratio obtained in treatment with sewage sludge applied
@ 20 t ha-1 along with 75 per cent RDF for maize (2.55) and residual sewage sludge
applied @ 20 t ha-1 for chilli (2.13). However, pooled data of economic analysis (from
both the crops i.e., maize-chilli) indicated that the highest benefit: cost ratio (2.29) was
obtained with sewage sludge applied @ 20 t ha-1. To obtain higher income and to
maintain better soil conditions, application of sewage sludge @ 20 t ha-1 for maize-chilli
cropping sequence is recommended.
 
Date 2016-06-06T12:36:57Z
2016-06-06T12:36:57Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66843
 
Language en
 
Relation ;D9222
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY