PIGMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RELATION TO RIPENING OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) FRUITS
KrishiKosh
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Title |
PIGMENTS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN RELATION TO RIPENING OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.) FRUITS
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Creator |
LAXMI SHARMA
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Contributor |
Vijay Paul
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Subject |
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Antioxidants, chlorophylls, glutathione, pigments, ripening, storage tomato, tomato fruit, varietal variability |
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Description |
t-8461
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the most important vegetable world over. This fruit is considered as a model system of climacteric fruit ripening but at the same time due to its climacteric nature itself, the postharvest losses are huge (up to 25 to 40 % or even more). Being a climacteric fruit, ethylene (a natural plant growth regulator) plays major role in the ripening of tomato. But, besides the ethylene, free radicals also influence the ripening and therefore they got the especial attention in the literature. Keeping in view the importance, regulatory role and antioxidative properties of different pigments, vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids and glutathione this study was taken up. The study looked into the changes in the levels of above said bioactive compounds during fruit ripening and their role in governing the rate of ripening. Initially, tomato fruits of 10 commercial varieties [at green mature (GM) stage of harvest)] were evaluated for their ripening behaviour during storage (in dark at temperature of 25±1.0 0 C and RH of 45±5.0 %). Based on ripening index (RI %), varieties were grouped into three categories i.e., 1. Fast ripening type (Pusa Ruby and Pusa Sadabahar), 2. Slow ripening type (Pusa Gaurav and Roma) and 3. Intermediate ripening type (Pusa Sheetal, Pusa Uphar, Pusa Early Dwarf, Pusa Selection-8, Pusa-120 and Pusa Rohini). For analysis of bioactive compounds, varieties with fast and slow ripening types were used. Different pigments and non-enzymatic antioxidants were estimated in the pericarp of tomato fruits at immature and GM stages of plant-harvested fruits and with the progress of ripening of fruits (harvested at GM stage) during storage. With the transition of fruits from immature to GM stage, pigments showed no change but, changes in the levels of antioxidants indicated (i). Increase in the level of oxidative stress and (ii). Tendency of tomato fruit to acclimatise against this change by enhancing the levels of antioxidants. With the progress of ripening of stored fruits, on the other hand, bioactive compounds showed decreasing (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophylls, oxidized glutathione and ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione), increasing (total carotenoids and lycopene, vitamin C, total soluble phenols, total flavonoids, total glutathione, reduced glutathione, glutathione redox ratio and reduced to oxidized glutathione) or static (chlorophyll a/b and total chlorophylls/total carotenoids) trends. Correlation studies (between the levels of pigments and antioxidants present at GM stage and the rate of ripening) pointed out the need for better protection of tomato fruits from oxidative stress right at the GM stage because this capacity was found to provide the tomato fruit an attribute of delayed ripening during storage. In this context, glutathione appeared to 101 play an important role because enhancement and reduction in the levels of oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione respectively were recorded during the transition of tomato fruits from immature stage to GM stage. The study in totality pointed out that the higher levels of total chlorophylls, oxidized glutathione and lower levels of vitamin C, total flavonoids and total soluble phenols in the pericarp of tomato fruit at GM stage facilitate the delay in the ripening of tomato fruits. The obtained results are being discussed in view of 1. Triggering of senescence/ripening process due to decrease in the level of chlorophylls below a certain threshold level and 2. Increase in the level of oxidative stress at the onset and with the progress of ripening and tendency of tomato fruit to acclimatise itself against this change by enhancing the levels of antioxidants. |
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Date |
2016-11-23T09:31:54Z
2016-11-23T09:31:54Z 2011 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/87163
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
IARI, DIVISION OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
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