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Biology and Management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) on stored Sorghum

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Title Biology and Management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) on stored Sorghum
 
Creator BHANDERI, GIRADHARLAL R.
 
Contributor RADADIA, G.G.
 
Subject grain, sorghum, sowing, oils, rice, plant oils, genotypes, animal developmental stages, pesticides, clay
 
Description Investigations were carried out during kharif 2007-08 and 2008-
09 regarding “Biology and Management of rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae
(Linnaeus) on stored sorghum” at Main Sorghum Research Station, Navsari
Agricultural University, Surat.
In the study of biology, the eggs were oval in shape with one end
pointed and other being round. Freshly laid eggs were translucent and white
and became opaque before hatching. The length and breadth of eggs varied
from 0.35 to 0.39 mm (Av. 0.37 ± 0.01 mm) and 0.15 to 0.19 mm (Av. 0.17
± 0.01 mm), respectively. The incubation period varied from 3.78 to 6.12
day (Av. 4.87 ± 0.31 day) at 25.20 to 31.55°C temperature and 77.10 to 87.50
per cent relative humidity. The egg hatching varied from 66.00 to 82.00 per
cent (Av. 74.95 ± 5.50%). Grub was apodous, short, stout, yellowish white
with brown colour head. First instars measured from 0.26 to 0.33 mm (Av.
0.30 ± 0.02 mm) in length and 0.09 to 0.11 mm (Av. 0.10 ± 0.01 mm) in
width. Duration of first instar larvae was 5.50 to 7.00 day (Av. 6.17 ± 0.53
day) at 24.80 to 31.40°C temperature and 75.50 to 85.10 per cent relative
humidity. The second instars measured from 0.42 to 0.48 mm (Av. 0.44 ±
0.02 mm) in length and 0.14 to 0.16 mm (Av. 0.15 ± 0.01 mm) in width. The
duration of second instar larvae ranged from 6.00 to 7.50 day (Av. 6.60 ±
0.56 day) at 24.50 to 32.60°C temperature and 80.70 to 91.10 per cent
relative humidity. The third instars measuring 4.50 to 9.85 mm (Av. 6.17 ±
1.27 mm) in length and 1.50 to 3.28 mm (Av. 2.06 ± 0.43 mm) in width. The
duration of third instar larvae ranged from 7.50 to 9.50 day (Av. 8.42 ± 0.57
day) at 25.30 to 31.40°C temperature and 91.00 to 92.50 per cent relative
humidity. Fourth instars measured 1.25 to 1.45 mm (Av. 1.39 ± 0.05 mm) in
length and 0.42 to 0.48 mm (Av. 0.46 ± 0.02 mm) in width. The duration of
fourth instar larvae varied from 4.50 to 6.50 day (Av. 5.20 ± 0.57 day) at
23.00 to 31.80°C temperature and 81.40 to 89.00 per cent relative humidity.
The larval period ranged from 24.50 to 28.50 day (Av. 26.39± 1.24 day).
Pupae measured 3.25 to 3.50 mm (Av. 3.34 ± 0.09 mm) in
length and 1.63 to 1.75 mm (Av. 1.67 ± 0.04 mm) in width. Pupation took
place in larval tunnel inside the pupal case. Pupal period varied from 6 to 7
day (Av. 6.82 ± 0.24 day) at 25.20 to 36.40°C temperature and 68.50 to
88.10 per cent relative humidity.
Newly emerged adults were reddish brown which became black
at the time of egg laying. Adults were elongate, sub-cylindrical with four
orange colored patches on elytra. Male and female adults look alike
externally but on closer observation, the rostrum of the male was
comparatively thick, closely punctured roughs curved, while in female it was
elongate, slender smooth, shining slightly curved and sparsely punctured.
Male was measured 3.15 to 3.45 mm in length (Av. 3.32 ± 0.10 mm) and
1.26 to 1.38 mm in width (Av. 1.33 ± 0.04 mm). While, female measured
3.50 to 3.75 mm in length (Av. 3.62 ± 0.10 mm) and 1.40 to 1.50 mm in
width (Av. 1.45 ± 0.04 mm). The adult longevity with food, adult females
survived for 81 to 101 day (Av. 86.98 ± 5.17 day), while males survived for
55 to 60 day (Av. 57.75 ± 1.84 day) at 25.60 to 38.40°C temperature and
65.20 to 88.50 per cent relative humidity. Whereas, without food adult
females survived for only 8 to 11 day (Av. 9.50 ± 0.87 day) but males
survived for 5 to 7 day (Av. 5.40 ± 0.56 day) at 19.60 to 31.00°C temperature
and 67.50 to 79.50 per cent relative humidity.
The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods
varied from 3 to 7 (Av. 4.95 ± 0.89), 33 to 61 (Av. 52.21 ± 8.16) and 18 to 37
(Av. 29.81 ± 4.52) day, respectively at 23.80 to 34.90°C temperature and
63.80 to 92.00 per cent relative humidity. The fecundity of rice weevil ranged
from 122 to 265 (Av. 163.87 ± 27.37) eggs per female. The sex ratio of male:
female of S. oryzae was 1: 1.15. The total life cycle of males of S. oryzae
observed to be ranged from 91.45 to 99.96 (Av. 98.81 ± 2.33) day with food,
while in case of without food it was ranged from 40.94 to 45.89 (Av. 43.47 ±
1.29) day. The total life cycle of female with food ranged from 117.89 to
140.96 (Av. 125.06 ±5.24) day, while in case of without food it ranged from
44.50 to 50.46 (Av. 47.57 ± 1.58) day.
Among twelve sorghum genotypes tested, the rice weevil
preferred DJ 6514, SR 666, SR 1905 and SR 2460 genotypes for
development as compared to other genotypes. On the basis of growth index
and susceptible index, the genotypes SR 770, IS 6566, ICSV 700 and 168 II
108 were found less suitable. Among different varieties the sex ratio (male:
female) ranged from 1:0.95 to 1:1.31. No remarkable influence on adult
longevity was found when S. oryzae reared on different genotypes.
Twelve sorghum genotypes were also screened against the pest
and 168 II 108 was found least susceptible to S. oryzae on the basis of grain
damage, weight loss and population build up. The genotype DJ 6514 was
most susceptible genotype on the basis of damage, weight loss and population
build up. The SR 770 maintained maximum germination per cent. Correlation
study on susceptibility to the pest and biochemical parameters of different
genotypes revealed that negatively significant indicating negative relationship
between population buildup and tannin content of the different genotypes of
sorghum.
The results of study on per cent grain damage and weight loss
of grains treated with various plant products revealed that mixing of powder
viz., sweet flag powder, custard apple seed powder and neem seed kernel
powder 5 per cent were proved effective. The least grain damage and
weight loss were found in grains treated with kaolinite clay 10 per cent and
bentonite clay 10 per cent against S. oryzae on sorghum. Evaluation of edible
and non edible oils against S. oryzae on the basis of per cent grain damage
and weight loss revealed that the grains treated with groundnut oil 5ml/ kg
seed, mustard oil 5 ml/ kg seed and groundnut oil 2.5 ml/ kg of seed were
proved effective. The use of seed protectants like fenvalerate 0.005 per cent
and deltamethrin 0.005 per cent were proved effective to reduce the grain
damage and weight loss against S. oryzae.
Eight different grain commodities were tested for their
suitability as hosts of S. oryzae of which four were found suitable for the
development of the pest. The order of suitability was paddy > sorghum >
maize > wheat > coriander > cumin > chilli > fenugreek.
 
Date 2016-05-03T10:40:11Z
2016-05-03T10:40:11Z
2012-12
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65736
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari