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INDUCTION OF VARIABILITY THROUGH CALLUS CULTURE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) VARIETY CoN 95132

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Title INDUCTION OF VARIABILITY THROUGH CALLUS CULTURE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) VARIETY CoN 95132
 
Creator PATEL, SUNAYANKUMAR R.
 
Contributor VASHI, P.S.
 
Subject sugarcane, planting, vegetative propagation, regeneration, biological development, auxins, biological phenomena, sucrose, tissue culture, crops
 
Description The present investigation was carried out at the Sugarcane Tissue
Culture Laboratory, Regional Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari during 2003-06 to study the induction of
variability using tissue culture techniques in sugarcane (Saccharum
officinarum L.) variety CoN 95132.
The results showed that leaf and stem explants were suitable for
callus induction in sugarcane. The treatment, MS medium supplemented with
3 mg/l 2, 4-D found most suitable for callus induction and multiplication.
Minimum number of days required for completion of callus growth cycle in
treatment MS medium comprised of 3 mg/l 2, 4-D, 10% CW and 20 g/l sucrose.
The same treatment gave highest weight of callus in gram with or without leaf
and stem segments. Shoot regeneration frequency from callus cells was high
in MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l 2, 4-D, but thick, vigorous and
healthy shoots were obtained with 3 mg/l 2, 4-D.
Direct organogenesis was obtained from cut end of leaf and stem
segments on MS medium comprised of NAA 5.0 mg/l, K 0.5 mg/l and 20 g/l
sucrose. Maximum green coloration of callus (%) and multiple shoots ratio was
registered on MS medium consisting of 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l BAP
derived from leaf as well as stem bits. Shoot regeneration frequency was higher
at 5.6 pH compared to higher or lower levels of the pH from both leaf and stem
callus. The whitish yellow and friable callus was formed under dark condition,
while light gave dark gray or brown and sticky callus. The light intensity of
approximately 2000 lux was found to be more appropriate for conversion of
both leaf and stem callus into proliferating shoots. The treatment 2% A.R. grade
sucrose exhibited higher number of shoots followed by 2% crystallized sugar /
Mishri. Maximum somatic embryos were induced in the treatment combination
1.0 mg/l 2, 4-D, 0.5 mg/l IBA and 10% CM from leaf and stem segments.
Germination of somatic embryos was high in the treatment combination 1.0 mg/l
GA3, 50 mg/l glutamic acid, 50 mg/l arginine, 30 g/l sucrose and 10 % CM.
Roots per plantlet were recorded highest in the treatment ½ MS
medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l IBA whereas maximum
root length was registered in the treatment 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.75 mg/l IBA.
Comparatively, higher number of roots and longer roots were observed in
plantlets derived from leaf callus than stem callus. High per cent of plantlets
survival, maximum plant height under primary and secondary hardening was
registered in potting mixture Clay+ Sand+ Bio-compost.
The highest mitotic index (14.84) was noticed at 13 h. Various
stages of mitosis were examined in the root tip cells. Structural abnormality and
variation in chromosome numbers were noticed in root tip cells of in vitro raised
plantlets. Variation in chromosome number was also registered in cells of leaf
and stem callus. Abnormal cells with varying number of nuclei such as
binucleate, trinucleate, quadrinucleate and pentanucleate cells were observed in
root tip cells and callus cells.
In the field evaluation, leaf callus somaclone LCS- 274 performed
the best for most of yield and yield attributing characters. It recorded maximum
number of tillers at 120 days and shoots at 240 days, plant height, millable cane
height, length of internode and single cane weight. In individual character,
somaclone LCS- 289 exhibited maximum number of millable canes per culm
and LCS- 805 was ranked first in millable cane diameter with average quality
features. In quality point of view, LCS- 1086, LCS- 1661 and LCS- 452 showed
first, second and third rank respectively. In case of stem callus somaclone, SCS276
was superior in number of tillers at 120 days, total plant height, number of
internode per millable cane and length of internode and somaclone SCS-1447
was nearer to SCS- 276 in number of tillers at 120 days, number of shoots at 240
days and number of millable cane per culm with top ranking in quality
attributes.
The morphological changes such as white blotches on canopy,
white parallel strips on leaves, normal leaf tips rather than leaf tip tearing, large
sized buds, leaf sheath splitting, large sized eye buds, longitudinal crakes on
internodes, long internodes, zigzag internodes, thick and thin canes, bifurcated
stalk, variety of colored canes were also observed in field evaluation.
 
Date 2016-03-08T09:35:06Z
2016-03-08T09:35:06Z
2007-12
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/64899
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari