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STUDIES ON CROP GEOMETRY AND PLANT POPULATION IN SUNFLOWER-GROUNDNUT INTERCROPPING SYSTEM

KrishiKosh

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Title STUDIES ON CROP GEOMETRY AND PLANT POPULATION IN SUNFLOWER-GROUNDNUT INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
 
Creator SALOMI BINA SIMON
 
Contributor MUSTAFA HUSAIN, MIR
 
Subject STUDIES,CROP,GEOMETRY,PLANT,POPULATION,SUNFLOWER,INTERCROPPING,
 
Description A field experiment was . conducted during kharif
1988 at the Students' Farm, College of Agriculture,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, to evaluate the feasibility of
intercropping sunflower and groundnut at varying plant
population and geometry of sunflower. Three planting
densities 2f sunflower viz., 55,555; 66,666 and 74,074
plants ha were tested in three geometri~s; equidistant,
paired and skipped rows to study the performance
of sunflower in intercrop system and the possible
influence it may exert on the companion groundnut crop.
These eleven treatments were ru~ over four replications
in a randomized block design (3 factorial). Both sunflower
and groundnut were intercropped maintaining 100
per cent planting density in an additive series.
In general the performance of sunflower did not
vary substantially due to varying plant population.
Plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area of sunflower
were not altered drastically due to the treatme~I
affects. Lower plant density of 55,555 plants ha
recorded greater diameter of capitulum and accumulated
more dry matter per plant compared t91the higher populations
of 66,666 and 74,074 plants ha . Despite lQy
yield per plant the higher density of 74,074 plants ha
overcompensated and yielded significantly more seed
yield per hectare.Test weight .,. .. d oil percentage remained unaffected
due to the 'planting population. The planting
geometry of sunflower did not influence the performance
drastically although the paired and skipped rows had an
edge over the equidistant rows. There was no interaction
between plant population and geometry of sunflower.
Sole crop of sunf l9yer recorded significantly higher
yi~td (920.73 kg ha ) than the mean yield (768.85 kg
ha ) obtained by intercropping with groundnut in
different trea~ments. ·
Groundnut performance was adversely affected
due to intercropping with sunflower. Though plant
height was not remarkably altered the number of branches,
leaves and leaf area per plant were minimum at the
higher plant densities of sunflower. At maturity
however the higher planting density treatments retained
more number of leaves. Higher plant · population
decreased the test weight of groung~ut 37.73 and 38.03 g
at . 66,666 and 74,074 plants ha compared to that
obtained at the !£wer density treatment (40.12 g) of
55,555 plants ha . Higher densities also reduced the
number of pods and dry matter per plant, pod and haulm
yield per h·ectare. Oil percentage and oil yield however
remained unaffected due to plant population of
sunflower.
Planting geometry pronounced its effect on
the performance of groundnut in intercrop treatments.
Groundnut sown in the equidistant rows of sunflower
recorded lower number of branches per plant. Leaf area
per plant was more in the paired and skipped row treatments
upto 60 days of crop growth. The effect of
planting geometry was not remarkable on the number of
pods produced and the 100 kernel weight. Dry matter
accumulated per plantt was more in the skipped rows
compared to the paired and equidistant row treatments.
Planting qensity and g.eometry of sunflower did not alter
the shelling, oil and protein percentage of groundnut.
The pod yield_yas significantly higher in_1the skipped
(914.53 kg ha ) and paired (879.85 kg ha ) ~~an that
obtained in the equidistant rows (774.35 kg ha ). Oil
yield was also higher in the paired and skipped row
treatments compared to the equidistant rows. The density
and geometry treatments did not interact signifi-
. cantly so as to vary the performance of groundnut. Sole
crop of groundnut recorded higher total dry matter per
plant, pod and oil yield per hectare compared to the
intercropped groundnut.Intercropping of sunflower and groundnut in the
paired or skipped rows at_tunflower plant densities of
55,555 or 74,074 plants ha maximized the total production
of oilseeds and oil over either of the sole crops.
Sole crop of groundnut pr9~uced significantly more yi~±d
of pods (1453.09 kg ha ) and oil (448.~£ kg ha )
compared to the se~~ yield (920.73 kg ha ) and oil
yield (324.08 kg ha ) of sole sunflower. Planting
geometry of sunflower was not a critical variable at a
given density to influence the total productivity of
oilseeds or oil per hectare. Bivariate analysis of
yield data however revealed that all the intercropping
treatments maximized the total productivity significantly
than either of the sole crops. The total seed/
pod yield obtained were ~yperior in the density treatment
of ~!,555 plants ha compared to 66,666 or 74,074
plants ha • Paired row geometry was on par with that of
the skipped rows but was significantly better than the
equidistant rows.
Intercropping groundnut in paired or_1skipped
rows of sunflower at 55,555 or 74,074 plants ha significantly
improved the energy output in terms of
calorific equivalents than either of the sole crops.
Protein yield from sole crop of sunflower was less
while that of groundnut was on par with intercrop
treatments.
The land equivalent ratios,
equivalent ratios, effective land equivalent
staple land equivalent ratios were all
intercrop system with groundnut interplanted
or skipp~~ rows of sunflower at a density
plants ha .
area-time
ratios, and
higher in
in paired
o! 74,074
Signif ican· ly higher gross returns were
obtained from the intercrop combinations over sole
sunflower. Groundnut as sole crop fetched net returns
per hectare on par with the intercrop treatments but
was significantly superior to sole crop of sunflower.
While relative net return indices (RNR) were similar due
to all intercrop treatments over sole crop of sunflower,
the latter proved to profit more from a rupee invested
followed by sole crop of groundnut. Net returns
obtained per rupee invested were significantly lower due
to intercropping.
 
Date 2016-08-08T13:44:40Z
2016-08-08T13:44:40Z
1989
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/71511
 
Language en
 
Relation D3156;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD