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LINE X TESTER STUDIES ON HETEROSIS, GENE ACTION AND PHENOTYPIC STABILITY IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)

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Title LINE X TESTER STUDIES ON HETEROSIS, GENE ACTION AND PHENOTYPIC STABILITY IN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
 
Creator Umaretiya P.P.
 
Contributor Poshiya V.k.
 
Subject PEARL MILLET
Botany
 
Description The present investigation entitled “Line x tester studies on heterosis, gene action and phenotypic stability in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)” was undertaken at the Instructional Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during three consecutive seasons i.e. kharif-2004 (E1), semi-rabi-2004 (E2) and summer-2005 (E3). The experimental material comprised of eight male sterile lines viz., JMSA-20005, JMSA-20003, JMSA-20012, JMSA-9904, JMSA-9902, JMSA-95222, JMSA-92333 and JMSA-104; seven restorers namely J-2290, J-2405, J-2372, J-2340, J-2454, J-108 and D-23 and their 56 hybrids derived from line x tester mating. These 71 genotypes were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with three replications in all the three seasons/environments. Observations were recorded on days to ear emergence, plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes per plant, number of tillers per plant, ear head length, ear head girth, days to maturity, 200-grain weight and grain yield per plant.
The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the parents and hybrids for all the characters except variance due to parents for 200-grain weight. The mean squares due to parents vs hybrids also revealed significant differences for all the traits except stem diameter. The mean squares due to environments were also significant for all the traits. Parents, hybrids and parents vs hybrids mean squares interacted significantly with varying environments for all the traits except (P vs H) x E for ear head girth indicating variable response of the genotypes in different environments.
The magnitudes of heterosis were higher for grain yield per plant, plant height, stem diameter and number of tillers per plant; moderate for number of nodes per plant, ear head length and 200-grain weight, and low for days to ear emergence, ear head girth and days to maturity. The crosses JMSA-20005 x J-2372 and JMSA-95222 x J-2372 manifested significant and desirable heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant. The high heterosis for grain yield per plant resulted from significant and positive heterosis for number of tillers per plant.
Both additive and non-additive type of gene actions were involved in the genetic control of all the characters. The characters like stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, days to maturity and 200-grain weight were under the control of non-additive type of gene action. The characters like days to ear emergence, plant height, number of nodes per plant, ear head length, ear head girth and grain yield per plant were under the control of additive genetic component.
The parents JMSB-9902, JMSB-95222, J-2290 and J-2372 were good general combiners for grain yield per plant and its component traits. Further, gca effects of parents were more or less associated with their per se performance for most of the characters.
The high yielding hybrid JMSA-20005 x J-2372 and JMSA-95222 x J-2290 had high sca effects for grain yield per plant and number of tillers per plant. On the basis of per se performance, heterobeltiosis and specific combining ability effect, three crosses viz., JMSA-20005 x J-2372, JMSA-95222 x J-2372 and JMSA-95222 x J-2340 were found promising for grain yield per plant. The results further revealed that most of the superior cross combinations had involved at least one parent with high gca effects for most of the characters.
The stability analysis exhibited significant differences among the genotypes (G), environments (E), and G x E interactions for all the characters suggesting that genotypes interacted considerably with environments. The results on environmental index revealed that semi-rabi and summer season to be most congenial for grain yield per plant and majority of yield characters. Higher magnitudes of G x E (linear) variance as compared to G x E (non-linear) for plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, ear head length, ear head girth, days to maturity and grain yield per plant suggested that genotypes differed for their linear regression on environmental index. However, non-linear component was higher in magnitude for the rest of the characters indicating the prediction of performance would be difficult for these three characters.
The parents JMSB-20012 and J-2290 were observed to be
stable for grain yield and yield contributing traits. On the basis of three
stability parameters viz., overall mean ( x ), regression coefficient (bi) and
deviation from regression (S2di), it was observed that among the hybrids
JMSA-20005 x J-2372 and JMSA-20003 x J-2372 were found most widely
adapted for grain yield and its components.
In all, on the basis of per se performance, heterobeltiosis, sca
effects and stability for grain yield per plant, two crosses viz., JMSA-20005 x
J-2372 and JMSA-95222 x J-2372 could be exploited for heterosis breeding.
These crosses are also expected to throw desirable transgressive segregants
in the advance generations, which the breeders can handle through pedigree
method for developing high yielding lines in pearl millet.
 
Date 2016-09-08T15:51:13Z
2016-09-08T15:51:13Z
2006
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/76143
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf