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STUDIES ON SEED MYCOFLORA OF SAFFLOWER AND ITS CONTROL

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Title STUDIES ON SEED MYCOFLORA OF SAFFLOWER AND ITS CONTROL
 
Creator AMRUTHA GAYATHRI, D
 
Contributor KRISHNA RAO, V
 
Subject sowing, fungi, crops, diseases, biological phenomena, planting, pathogens, microbial flora, oilseeds, developmental stages
 
Description Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the important rabi oil seed crops mainly
cultivated for its seed which is a source of oil or colour dye. It produces oil rich
polyunsaturated fatty acids which play an important role in reducing blood cholesterol.
India is the largest producer of safflower in the world accounting 47 per cent area and 27
per cent of total production. Seed mycoflora known to affect the quality and quantity of oil,
and also decrease seed germination, vigour of the seedlings, seed quality parameters and
causes seed rot, pre and post emergence damping off and root rots. Seed borne fungal
pathogens decline seed viability and vigour both in storage and field conditions and
subsequently, resulting in yield loss in the field. In recent year’s leaf spot or blight caused
by Alternaria carthami Chowdhury was prevalent in almost all parts of the country.
The seed samples of safflower cultivars viz., Sagarmuthyalu, Manjeera, Nira, TSF-1,
GMU-5536, GMU-5653, IVT-1002 (Tandur, A.P), A1, Nira, JLSF 414, Nari 38, Bhima,
Nari 6, SSF 658, Nari NH 1, Nari H 15 (DOR, Hyderabad), Manjeera (Ashwaraopet,
Khammam), Bhima (Adilabad), Manjeera (Nalgonda), Sagarmuthyalu (Mahaboobnagar)
collected from major safflower growing areas were analyzed following standard blotter and
agar plate methods to detect the mycoflora associated with safflower seed samples.
Of the two methods used to study the seed mycoflora, standard blotter method was
found superior than agar plate method in the detection of seed mycoflora.
Seven fungi viz., Alternaria carthami Chowdhury, Aspergillus flavus Link ex.Fries,
Aspergillus niger van Tiegham, Chaetomium sp, Rhizopus sp, Curvularia sp and Fusarium
sp. were found associated with seeds of safflower cultivars. Out of these seven fungal
species the occurrence of A. carthami was found predominant (47.94 per cent) while
Fusarium sp. was least (0.59 per cent). Out of 19 safflower genotypes tested, the total
percentage incidence of mycoflora was high in cv. Nira collected from Tandur, Rangareddy
district (95 per cent) while it was low in cv. SSF 658 (34 per cent).
A. carthami isolated from the seeds of safflower cultivars collected from different
districts of Andhra Pradesh. Among different seed mycoflora seed borne A. carthami was
found predominant and used for further studies.
Pathogenicity of test pathogen was carried out by using seedling symptom test, seed
inoculation method and spray inoculation method. Seed rot, seedling blight and leaf spot
symptoms were observed in artificially inoculated seeds of susceptible safflower cv. Nira.
Neem oil was found to be effective in inhibiting the test pathogen to an extent of
30.53 per cent.
Among the tested biocontrol agents, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma
viride were found to be superior in inhibiting the test pathogen. P. fluorescens inhibited the
test pathogen by 87.36 per cent, while Trichoderma harzianum inhibited the test pathogen
by 86.22 per cent.
The effective botanicals or bioagents were further used for testing their efficacy under
glass house conditions.
Combined application of seed treatment with P. fluorescens (10 g kg-1 seed) +
Carbendazim (2 g kg-1 seed) + Neem oil (10 ml kg-1 seed) was found to be superior in not
only increasing the shoot length and seedling emergence by 50.87 per cent and 96.86 per
cent respectively but also resulted in reduction of pre and post emergence mortality of
97.97 and 99.43 per cent, respectively.
 
Date 2016-06-14T10:00:09Z
2016-06-14T10:00:09Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67313
 
Language en
 
Relation D9118;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY