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Evaluation of Bt-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based intercropping systems under different planting methods

KrishiKosh

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Title Evaluation of Bt-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based intercropping systems under different planting methods
M.Sc.
 
Creator RAJPOOT, SUDHIR KUMAR
 
Contributor S. Rana
 
Subject cotton, sowing, intercropping, planting, crops, yields, planting equipment, irrigation, productivity, cowpeas
 
Description T-8823
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012 at the
Research Farm of Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
New Delhi to evaluate Bt- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) based intercropping
systems under different planting methods. The soil of experimental site was sandy
loam in texture with pH 7.8 and 160, 14.0 and 268 kg ha/ available NPK and 0.36%
organic C. Experiment was conducted in three times replicated split plot design.
Combination of two methods of crop establishments viz direct sowing and
transplanting after raising nursery and two planting geometry with same plant
population viz 90 × 60 cm and 120 x 45 cm were assigned to main plots while three
intercropping systems viz sole cotton, cotton + okra 1:2 row ratio and cotton +
cowpea 1:2 row ratio (for green pods) were allotted to sub-plots. Direct sowing of
cotton was done on June 5, 2012 along with sowing of intercrops. Nursery sowing
was also done on June 5, 2012 and its transplanting was done on July 7, 2012 with
onset of monsoon along with sowing of intercrops. Direct sown cotton received 5
irrigations, while only one irrigation was given to transplanted cotton. Crop received
well distributed rainfall after the onset of monsoon resulting in higher yield of base
crop. Picking of seed cotton as well as pod or fruits of intercrops were done at
appropriate stage to avoid deterioration of quality of produce. Crop received
recommended dose of 180 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O. Half of N and full dose
of P and K was given at the time of sowing and remaining N was given before
flowering.
Germination percentage of direct sown cotton was 80.2% as compared to
97.75% under nursery. Under direct sown cotton, 35.1% mortality of seedling after
germination was recorded as compared to 4.1% in nursery. Final plant stand was
85.3% of expected plant population under direct sown as compared to 99.5% under
transplanted cotton. Growth and yield attributes recorded perceptible decrease under
transplanting as compared to direct sowing, however, seed cotton yield (3.22 t/ha)
was 5.23% higher under transplanting as compared to direct sowing, due to lower
plant stand of direct sown cotton. Cotton planting at 90 × 60 cm recorded
significantly higher yield attributes and seed cotton yield (3.27 t/ha) than 120 × 45
cm planting (3.01 t/ha). Seed cotton yield (3.25 t/ha) recorded under sole cotton
stand was 6.2 % and 4.2 % was higher than the seed cotton yield recorded in
association with okra and cowpea respectively. Intercropped okra recorded markedly
higher growth and yield attributes, fruit yield and nutrient uptake with direct sown
cotton and planting geometry of 120 × 45 cm. Cowpea gave more yield and nutrient
uptake with transplanting stand and 120 × 45 cm planting geometry. Seed cotton
equivalent yield of intercrop was higher under direct sowing and planting at
120x45cm. Between the intercrop, cowpea recorded higher seed cotton equivalent
yield (0.44t/ha) than okra (0.41t/ha). Intercropped stand was found to supress weeds
markedly as compared to sole cotton. System productivity (Seed cotton equivalent
yield), and net returns of transplanted and direct sowing were of same statistical
order, but water productivity of transplanting (4.93 kg seed cotton/m3of water) was
four times higher that of direct sowing (1.13 kg seed cotton/m3of water). In the
planting geometry, 90x60 cm spacing recorded markedly higher system productivity
(3.62 t/ha), nutrient uptake, water productivity (3.20 kg seed cotton/m3 of water) and
net returns (92.2 thousands/ha) than 120 × 45 cm. In the intercropping systems,
cotton + cowpea established its superiority in terms of system productivity (3.56
t/ha), nutrient uptake, water productivity (3.22 kg seed cotton/m3 of water) and net
returns (86.2 thousands/ha) over sole cotton and cotton + okra.
Based on the study, it is concluded that raising of nursery and transplanting of
seedling on onset of monsoon is superior to direct sowing of cotton in terms of final
plant stand, saving of costly seed and seed cotton yield and water productivity.
Planting geometry of 90 × 60 cm optimized natural resource use efficiency resulting
in higher seed cotton yield, nutrient uptake, water productivity and net returns.
Intercropping of cotton + cowpea was found more productive and economical and
soil health friendly than sole stand of cotton.
 
Date 2016-06-24T15:05:13Z
2016-06-24T15:05:13Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67974
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI,Division of Agronomy