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STUDIES ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND INFLUENCE OF SOIL RELATED CONSTRAINTS ON THE LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) GROWING ORCHARDS IN ANDHRA PRADESH

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Title STUDIES ON THE IDENTIFICATION AND INFLUENCE OF SOIL RELATED CONSTRAINTS ON THE LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) GROWING ORCHARDS IN ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Creator YASMIN, C
 
Contributor VENKAIAH, KEERTHI
 
Subject IDENTIFICATION, INFLUENCE, SOIL, LEAF NUTRIENT, CONCENTRATION, SWEET ORANGE, Citrus Osbeck, ORCHARDS
 
Description t concentration, yield and fruit quality of sweet orange orchards and irrigation water quality in different villages of various mandals in Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts of Andhra Pradesh. For this purpose 60 low (less than 10 t ha-1 fruit yield), 60 medium (10-15 t ha-1 fruit yield) and 60 high (more than 15 t ha-1 fruit yield) yielding orchards aged between 10 and 14 years were selected and soil samples were collected from these orchards at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth. Further, 180 index leaf samples, fruit samples and irrigation water were also collected from these orchards. The soil samples were analysed for physical properties like texture, bulk density, particle density, percent pore space and maximum water holding capacity, physicochemical characteristics viz., pH, EC, OC, CEC and free CaCO3 and chemical characteristics viz., available N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Similarly, leaf samples were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu and fruit samples were analysed for TSS, acidity, vitamin-C, juice content, reducing, non-reducing and total sugars. In irrigation water pH, EC, cations viz., Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and anions viz., Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- and CO32- were analysed. The various textural classes observed in three districts in low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchard soils were loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay and clay. Soils of low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards were medium acidic to strongly alkaline in reaction in Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts. All the soils in different yielding orchards of three districts were non-saline in nature as the EC of these soils was far below 4 dSm-1. In the subsurface soils, EC was low. In general, CaCO3 content was higher in the soils of low yielding orchards of three districts followed by soils of medium yielding orchards whereas lower values were recorded in the soils of high yielding orchards. All the soils studied were found to be calcareous in nature. The CEC values of surface and subsurface soils

showed wide variations in the low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts. The surface and subsurface nitrogen status of all the orchards of three districts was low except a few. The phosphorus accumulation was also higher in all the soils of the orchards studied except a few. The similar trend of observations was also recorded with respect to available K. In the surface and subsurface soils, sufficient amount of available Ca and Mg was present in all the orchards studied in three districts. Considerable amount of available S was present both in the surface and subsurface soils of high yielding orchards of three districts, but S was deficient in the sizeable soils of low yielding and medium yielding orchards. The higher accumulation of micronutrients viz., Fe, Mn and Cu was recorded in the soils of low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts. Whereas the Zn was deficient in sizeable soil samples of all the orchards studied. Foliar concentration of N was found to be sufficient in the high yielding orchards of three districts but nearly 30 % and 25 % of leaf samples in medium yielding and low yielding orchards, in leaf N respectively. With respect to foliar concentration of P, nearly 50 % and 30 % of leaf samples were deficient in low and medium yielding orchards respectively but P deficiency was not noticed in leaf samples of high yielding orchards. In general, the concentration of K was deficient in 50 %, 40 % and 15 % of leaf samples collected from low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of three districts respectively. The Ca and S concentration of index leaf of sweet orange was deficient except in few leaf samples. The leaf Mg concentration was sufficient in low yielding and medium yielding orchards except in few samples. The leaf micronutrients viz., Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn was found to be sufficient in high yielding orchards, whereas the same was medium to low in medium yielding and low yielding orchards of three districts. The highest fruit yield was recorded in high yielding orchards followed by medium yielding and low yielding orchards. The TSS of sweet orange fruits of all the orchards in three districts was higher when compared with values of 6.40 % prescribed for sweet orange. The acidity of sweet orange fruits was more in all the orchards studied as per the standards (0.4 to 0.7 %) given by Satyanarayana and Ramasubba Reddy (1994). The juice percentage of sweet orange observed from all the orchards was lower when compared with standards (> 42 % juice). The ascorbic acid content of sweet orange fruit was higher in the high yielding orchards of all the districts as compared to that of low yielding and medium yielding orchards. Total sugars of sweet orange fruits were affected by high pH and high clay in the low yielding orchards of Nalgonda district. But these were influenced by soil N in low yielding orchards of Prakasam district. The reducing sugars were significantly influenced by soil N in low yielding orchards and leaf K in high yielding orchards of Prakasam district respectively but it was affected by CaCO3 in high yielding orchards of Nalgonda district. The pH of irrigation water was ranged from neutral (7.00) to alkaline (8.60) in the districts of Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam. The EC of all the ground water was below the safe limit of 2.25 dSm-1 prescribed by Gupta et al. (1994). The concentration of major cations in low yielding orchards of Anantapur and Nalgonda districts was in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. In Prakasam district of low yielding and high yielding orchards, the concentration of major cations was in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+. The concentration of major anions of ground water collected from all the orchards was in the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- > CO32- in low yielding, medium yielding and high yielding orchards of Anantapur, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts, whereas the order Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- was observed in low yielding and high

yielding orchards of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh. SAR of ground water of all the orchards was in the safe limit except in few gardens, whereas RSC of ground water was below the critical limit. In multiple regression studies, yield of low yielding orchards of Nalgonda district was significantly influenced by soil N. In case of the high yielding orchards, yield was influenced by soil CaCO3, N, Ca, Mn and Zn whereas in medium yielding orchards of Prakasam district, yield was influenced by soil S. In the high yielding orchards of Nalgonda district leaf K, Zn and Cu had significantly influenced the yield and leaf N had significantly influenced the yield of medium yielding orchards of Prakasam district. In low yielding orchards of Prakasam district, leaf S and Zn had significantly influenced the yield. In high yielding orchards of Prakasam district, yield was significantly influenced by leaf Ca and leaf P. The detailed study of the sweet orange crop revealed that the yield and quality of sweet orange grown under adverse soil environment would be reduced drastically due to the poor management practices. The unfavourable soil environment will not be suitable for growing sweet orange. For achieving the maximum yield and good quality, sweet orange crops can be grown in sandy clay loam soils free from CaCO3 coupled with good management practices.
 
Date 2016-11-23T09:44:10Z
2016-11-23T09:44:10Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier 290p.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/87169
 
Language en_US
 
Relation D5040;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY