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Biochemical Basis of Anthracnose [Elsinoe ampelina de Bary) Shear] Tolerance in Grape

KrishiKosh

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Title Biochemical Basis of Anthracnose [Elsinoe ampelina de Bary) Shear] Tolerance in Grape
Ph.D
 
Creator Beniiwall, Suman
 
Contributor S.K. Singh
 
Description T-8847
Grape in India, is greatly affected by occurrence of several diseases, viz.
powdery mildew, anthracnose, downy mildew, Cercospora leaf spot etc. Of these
diseases, anthracnose [Elsinoe ampelina de Bary) Shear] of grape commonly referred
as ‘bird’s eye spot’ is an important disease causing upto 15-30% yield reduction and
loss in quality. The present investigation was undertaken to screen 45 diverse grape
genotypes including rootstocks, wine making and table purpose varieties under subtropical
conditions based of eight morphological parameters and the prevailing
weather conditions. It was found out that there was no direct correlation of leaf and
vine parameters on disease incidence. Disease severity index (DSI) calculated during
the peak disease incidence, i.e. 1st September showed that Dog Ridge, Male Hybrid
and H-144 to be extremely resistant (DSI = 85.0) to anthracnose. In general, genotypes
belonging to rootstock group showed higher resistance (DSI = 5.88) followed by
wine making genotypes (DSI = 42.1), whereas table purpose genotypes were least
resistant (DSI = 57.11). Correlation studies between DSI and weather parameters
indicated that relative humidity (r = 0.912) and minimum temperature (r = 0.779)
were positively correlated with occurrence of anthracnose disease under sub-tropical
conditions, whereas maximum temperature (r = -0.560) and sunshine hours (r = -
0.706) were negatively correlated. Twenty genotypes representing the three groups
were analysed for different biochemical parameters, i.e. pigments, biochemical
substances and activities of defence related enzymes in healthy and anthracnose
infected leaves. The chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’, total chlorophylls and carotenoids contents
declined upon disease infection. The concentrations of total phenols and proline
increased in resistant as well as susceptible genotypes, but the increase was more
pronounced in resistant genotypes. Higher contents of total and reducing sugars were
observed in infected leaves of susceptible genotypes (7.91 mg/g FW; 3.53 mg/ g FW)
as compared to resistant genotypes (5.97 mg/g FW; 2.64 mg/g FW). Biochemical
analysis revealed an increase in activities of defence related enzymes peroxidase
(PPO), polyphenol oxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and
malondialdehyde (MDA) content upon disease infection. Correlation between DSI
and biochemical parameters showed that activities of PPO (r = -0.811), POD (r = -0
840) and PAL (r = -0.908), MDA content (r = -0.758) were significantely negatively
correlated with DSI, whereas total phenols ( r = -8.37) and proline (r = -0.351)
contents were found to be negatively correlated. These traits can be used as
biochemical markers to identify anthracnose resistant genotypes, which can be
included in breeding programmes. Carotenoids (r = 0.619), total and reducing sugars
(r = 0.744; r = 0.785) showed positive correlations, wheares total chlorophyll was
found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.435). The genotypes Black Prince (DSI =
5.57), Pusa Navrang (DSI = 18.8), Chardonnay (DSI = 28.5), Merlot (DSI = 31.6),
Tempranillo (DSI = 32.0) and Chenin Blanc (DSI = 36.8) were found to have good
resistance/tolerance to anthracnose and could be used as donor parents in breeding
programmes. It was also revealed high relative humidity coupled with higher mean
maximum temperature (31-340C) and drop in sunshine hours from 8-10 to 4-6 hours
favoured weather conditions for high incidence of anthracnose.
 
Date 2016-06-16T13:52:19Z
2016-06-16T13:52:19Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67457
 
Relation T-8847;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI,Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology